Wannabe Bank Robber Essay Example for Free

Wannabe Bank Robber Essay I was randomly placed in a group with five other people in my drama class; we were given several stimuli and were told to think up an improvisation for each. We did so and were then told witch of the stimuli we would actually be working on. We then decided that we would create a comedy about an unfortunate bank robber. The comedy started with the lead character Victor Watt (Tom) standing centre stage in a white spotlight telling how, if the job had gone to plan, he would be rich Victor then exits up stage right. I, who was standing behind Victor, turns round and raises my hands then lowers them while wiggling my fingers and making the noise bidlyboop repetitively to comically signify going into the fantasy flashback, the stage then fades to black. The music (Little Green Bag from Reservoir Dogs) and lights come up on a fantasy scene in which Victors job goes exactly to plan and more. (The lights in this scene are more yellow to the side of the stage on which the bank is. ) As he walks in three ladies (Julie, Stacy Claire) look him up and down and he turns to the audience and winks. He waltzes into the bank (up stage left) winks at the female bank clerk (Kim) and receives his big bag of loot. He walks out (centre stage) and is intercepted by a police officer (Me) that thinks hes Clint Eastwood. The music stops and the police officer makes the tune from The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, Victor looks the police officer up and down and asks what the hell hes doing. The police officer responds to this by charging at Victor who cunningly side steps to evade his attack, this sends the police officer into an overly elaborate frenzy of a fall. After the deranged policeman is left face down half way down the street, Victor picks up two of the three ladies that flirted with him before he entered the bank leaving one (Julie). This last lady walks over to the face down police officer takes a look at him in disgust then continues to smoke. At this moment Victor looks back and whistles to this remaining female, all in a fluster she stubs out her cigarette on the police officers back and runs off to Victor who gentlemanly lets her leave first as he caches a gander at her rear. The music stops and again I stand centre stage and make the same action to signify returning to the present then the scene fades to black. The lights come up on Victor Watt who again is standing centre stage but this time explains that things never relay go to plan especially if the plan is his and that the next thing you are to see is what relay happened. He exits up stage right, I who again was standing behind Vic with my back to the audience turn round and make the same gesture this time to signify going into the real flashback. The lights go down. The lights come up on the same flashback scene minus the music. Victor walks in with a ripped old jacket over his hand and looking much less virile. Instead of women falling at his feet he is falling over his feet. The ladies take one look at him and blow a lung full of smoke in his face. He turns to the audience and rubs his bloodshot eyes. He stumbles as he puts his hand out to open the front door to the bank but manages to catch the handle, pull himself up (this was done planed in mime but was not acted out in the final performance) then open the door. He stagers into the bank and over to the bank clerk. When he removes his jacket he reveals the gun he was hiding, he points it with an extremely unsteady hand at the clerk. He then tells her, with an even more unsteady voice, to give him all the money. She turns round and presses the alarm. Victor panics and attempts to shot the gun but pulls the wrong trigger, the revolver opens and bullets fall out onto the floor. He runs for the door but the police sirens are already right outside the bank. A voice comes as if from nowhere and says, This is the police, come out with your hands up! then the scene fades to black. The lights come back up on Victor standing in a spotlight with his head hug. He looks up and states that that was his story but not to worry he make his fortune yet. There is then an unseen voice that says, Come on Victor, visitor times over. A large man dressed as a jail guard steps into the spotlight in front of Victor, with his back to the audience he turns Victor round and puts on his handcuffs, he then roughly pushes him out of the spotlight and follows him closely baton in hand. The scene then fades to black and the curtains close. I think our play was fairly well written and fairly well performed but it could have been better if we had a better set and props. To add a conclusion I am over all pleased with the outcome of Wannabe Bank Robber. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Global Warming and the Kyoto Treaty Essay -- Climate Change and the Ky

According to David Easterling, principal scientist at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. in twenty years the United States has had thirty seven weather related catastrophes each with damages exceeding one billion dollars (Levin 1). A country as wealthy as the United States can afford to pay thirty seven billion dollars in twenty years, assuming of course that the weather related disasters only cost one billion dollars each. Unfortunately, the weather does not work that way. Hurricane Katrina alone may have cost one hundred billion dollars (Tucker 13). What could be causing these devastating storms? Many atmospheric scientists like Kerry Emanuel believe that global warming is the cause of the increased ferocity of the hurricanes (Nash 38). With the polar temperatures increasing the icecaps are melting. Without the ice to reflect the sun's light, the water absorbs the heat. This creates a vicious cycle. The ocean levels rise with their temperatures. Hurricane Katrina was only a category one hurricane when it crossed Florida. However, when it reached the newly warmed Gulf waters, hurricane Katrina ballooned into a mind-blowing category five hurricane that destroyed the gulf region (McKibben, Year One 30). The melting of the polar icecaps has long been believed to be caused by global warming. Until recently, the cause of global warming itself has largely been up for debate. Now atmospheric scientists attribute global warming to increased greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the earth's atmosphere (Greenstone 323). With the knowledge that carbon dioxide causes global warming countries can start taking actions to prevent future global warming. The United States alone produces twenty four percent of the world... ... 166 Issue 1 (2004): 10-12. Phelps, Megan. "More Action, Less Hot Air." The Mother Earth News Vol. 210 (2005): 30. Stenger, Richard. "Man on the Moon: Kennedy Speech Ignited the Dream." CNN.Com. 25 May 2001. Time Warner. 30 Nov. 2013 . Sunstein, Cass R. "It's Only $300 Billion If We Can Fund the War in Iraq, Why Can't We Fund the Kyoto Protocol?" The Washington Post 10 May 2006. 12 Nov. 2013 . Tucker, Patrick. "The Rising Costs of Global Warming." The Futurist Vol.39 Issue 6 (2005): 13. "Warming Trends What Global Climate Changes Could Mean for Wisconsin." Wisconsin Natural Resources 12 Nov. 2006. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 12 Nov. 2013 .

Final Project of Fin619

[pic] Pass Dear Student you are declared PASS in your written work. Start preparing for presentation & viva voce and improve your work according to the given instructions and guidelines available at VULMS of your course under the icon DOWNLOADS after clicking COURSE WEBSITE at VULMS. Also read lesson # 7 of this course in this for effective preparation of your presentation slides. For any course related query and information, you can contact us via MDB, Email ([email  protected] edu. pk) and telephone (92 (42) 111 880 880 (Extension: 8851 or 3941). RATIO ANALYSIS OFASKARI BANK, UNITED BANK AND BANK ALFALAH FOR THE YEARS 2009, 2010, 2011 A PROPOSAL FOR REPORT TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY OF PAKISTAN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA-Exec) Submitted By: AAMIR SHAHZAD MC100403644 MBA-Exec (Finance) SUBMISSION DATE: 02-02-2013 Virtual University of Pakistan Letter of Undert aking Job confirmation letter [pic] Dedication I would like to dedicate this project to My parents My Wife & My Kids Ashar Ali & Mubashar Ali AcknowledgementAll my efforts for my MBA and this Project would have been nothing with out the help and grace of Almighty Allah and I am always Gratified to Blessings of Allah. More than anybody else, I would like to acknowledge my uncle Mr. Ashfaq Ali Tabassam for his never ending support. He always guided me whenever I felt stuck off and his encouragement always worked as moral booster for me. I would like to extend my special thanks to my friend Mr. Aamir who advised me time to time and provided me technical assistance. I am highly indebted to my boss in my organization Mr.Muzaffar Ali who spared me and gave me ample time, out of my professional commitments, to go all out for my MBA from Virtual University of Pakistan. Executive Summary The purpose of this report titled â€Å"RATIO ANALYSIS OF ASKARI BANK, UNITED BANK AND BANK ALFALAH FOR THE YEARS 2009, 2010, 2011†is to investigate the financial performance of these banks during the mentioned period. The first chapter of this report deals with introduction of project and banks under study, financial period under consideration, objectives and significance of the project. The second part is about data processing and analysis.The fourth chapter is about calculation of different ratios its comparison and interpretation. In last chapter conclusions and recommendations have been given. The data for the study is collected from financial repots of the banks which are available on theirs respective websites. The financial reports included the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statements. As regards to finding of study, the Net Profit Margin ratio of Askari and bank Alfalah is low as compare to UBL. UBL is also on top in gross spread ratio, return on equity, debt ratio and Advance/Deposit ratio.While Askari Bank has better cash flow ratio and Price/Earning r atio. It is recommended for Bank Alfalah and Askari bank to cut down their non markup expenses to improve their Net Profit Margin Ratio while, on the other hand their turnover is satisfactory. UBL and Alfalah should decrease their current liabilities and ensure the availability of more liquidity to meet short term debts. Askari bank and bank Alfalah both banks need to adopt measures to cut down their interest expenses in order to increase their gross spread ratio.In order to increase non interest income Askari and Alfalah needs to increase their earnings through fees, commissions and other advisory charges etc. In Advance/Deposit ratio Askari bank and Alfalah should have to utilize their deposits in more projects either through corporate financing or general public financing. Table of Contents Section I Chapter 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 â⠂¬ ¢ 1. 1 Introduction of the project †¢ 1. 2 Banks Introduction †¢ 1. 4 Period Under Consideration †¢ 1. 5 Objectives †¢ 1. 6 Significance Chapter 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 †¢ 2. 1 Data Collection 2. 2 Data Processing and Analysis Chapter 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 †¢ 3. 1 Net Profit Margin †¢ 3. 2 Operating cash flow ratio †¢ 3. 3 Gross Spread ratio †¢ 3. 4 Non-interest income to total income ratio †¢ 3. 5 Spread ratio †¢ 3. 6 Advances/deposit ratio †¢ 3. 7 Return on total equity (ROE) †¢ 3. 8 Debt ratio †¢ 3. 9 Debt/Equity ratio †¢ 3. 10 Price/Earning ratio Chapter 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 †¢ 4. 1 Conclusions †¢ 4. 2 Recommendations Section I †¢ a) Student Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦29 †¢ b) Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 Section IChapter 1 1. Project Introduction The financial ratio analysis techniques referred to in this aid could be useful to analyze any company financial performance. This study is also going to investigate the financial performance of three mentioned banks e. g. Askari bank, united bank and Bank Alfalah. These banks are surveying in the Pakistani Market and are competitors each other. Hence this study is going to find out which bank has strong financial position over other two banks. With the h elp of financial ratio analysis we can analyze the financial position of any company.Many stakeholders, investors, creditors may analyze any company, firms financial position with the help of ratio analysis before taking any important decision regarding to investments or any other. Therefore financial ratio is a mathematical correlation among several numbers often stated in the form of percentage, times, or days. 1. 2 Banks Introduction Askari Bank was incorporated in Pakistan on October 9, 1991, as a public limited company. It commenced operation on April 1, 1992, and is principally engaged in the business of banking, as defined in the Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962.The Bank is listed on Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad Stock Exchanges. Since inception, the bank has concentrated on growth through improving service quality, investment in technology and people, utilizing its extensive branch network which includes Islamic and Agricultural banking. United Bank Limited (UBL) was incorp orated in Pakistan on November 7th 1959. In 1963 the bank opened its first overseas branch in London, United Kingdom. In 1971 the UBL was nationalized by the Government. In 2002, the Government of Pakistan sold it in an open auction to a consortium of Abu Dhabi Group and Bestway.Currently UBL is one of the largest commercial banks in Pakistan having more than 1,220 online branches inside the country. Its 15 branches outside the country are in the United States of America, Qatar, UAE, Bahrain, and Republic of Yemen. It also has representative offices in Tehran (Iran), and Almaty (Kazakhstan). It owns subsidiaries in the UK (United National Bank Limited), and in Zurich (Switzerland). Bank Alfalah Limited was incorporated on June 21st, 1992 as a public limited company under the Companies Ordinance 1984. Its banking operations commenced from 1st Nov, 1997.The Bank is currently operating through various branches in Pakistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh & Afghanistan, with the registered office a t B. A. Building, I. I. Chundrigar, Karachi. Strengthened with the banking of the Abu Dhabi Group and driven by the strategic goals set out by its board of management, the Bank has invested in revolutionary technology to have an extensive range of products and services. During the past five years, Bank Alfalah has emerged as one of the foremost financial institution in the region endeavoring to meet the needs of tomorrow today. 3. Financial Period Under-Consideration for Analysis:Financial period under consideration for analysis (2009, 2010, 2011) 4. Objectives 1. To analyze the selected banks efficiency in managing their resource for generating profit 2. To composition of capital structure of the selected banks, how much of the bank’s assets are financed through external and internal debt. 3. To find out that how effectively selected banks are maximizing their profit by controlling their interest expenses. 4. To compare the selected banks interest income with their interest expenses. 5. Are banks able to pay the current liabilities from their cash equivalents? . Significance The significance of these projects may include the following 1. The finding of this research will be more beneficial for investors, creditors, to take good decision after seeing the result of ratio. They can easily analyze the bank position through this study result. Bank Management may also study the finding of this study to determine the success or failure of particular sales, marketing as well as financing strategies. 2. At the end of this research, we will be able to get which bank is more able to pay its current liabilities from their cash equivalents. 3.The major outcomes of this research, this study will clear the concept regarding to financial ratio analysis in banking sector by applying different ratios. 4. This research may help the stakeholders to analyze financial ratios result before taking any serious decisions. 5. Financial mangers of selected banks also take advanta ges from this study to identify their bank strengths and weakness and will improve their poor areas. Chapter 2) Data Processing & Analysis 1. Data Collection Sources Study has used three banks annual reports/balance sheet, income statements, cash flow statements for data analysis and data processing.In research only secondary would be used to access the objectives which are mentioned as above. The study has used secondary sources to access the objectives of this research. The sources of this research were three banks websites. Annual reports were collected from the websites 2. Data Processing and Analysis Tools: Data was processed, analyzed and all the entry has done on excel sheet. Hence Study has used Excel sheet for data analysis and for calculation purpose. Result has been displayed on MS world in tabulation form with interpretation. Chapter 3) Data Analysis Ratio Analysis 1 Net Profit Margin SignificanceNet profit margin ratio explicit the profitability of the institution again st the revenue. It will also define the performance of the company in its operations in the market. So, shareholders assess it carefully in order to take their economic decisions. FORMULA: Net profit margin= (Net profit/ Revenue) *100 |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |9,192,687/61,107,025*100 |11,159,930/59,331,761*100 |15,499,663/70,450,475*100 | | |15. 4% |18. 81% |22. 00% | |Askari Bank |1,097,507/22,586,736*100 |943,177/27,952,162*100 |1,627,698/32,766,351*100 | | |4. 86% |3. 37% |4. 97% | |Bank Alfalah |897035/35561312 *100= |968452/37530256*100= |3503130/44298178*100= | | |2. 2% |2. 58% |7. 91% | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |15. 04 |18. 81 |22. 00 | |Askari Bank |4. 86 |3. 37 |4. 97 | |Bank Alfalah |2. 2 |2. 58 |7. 91 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of above table and graph depicts that the Net Profit Margin of all the Three banks is increasing. UBL is on the top with 15. 04% earning in the period of 2009 and increasing in the respective years with 18. 81 % in the year 2010 and 22% in 2011 which shows a positive trend which is due to the stringent control on operating expenses . While on the side, Askari bank Profit margin shows minor fluctuation with 4. 6% in the period 2009 then decreases in 2010 to 3. 37% owing to increase in non markup expenses and increases to 4. 49% in the year 2011. Profit margin of Bank Alfalah is also showing positive ness which is 2. 52% in 2009 and 2. 58% in the year 2010 and sore up to 7. 91% in 2011. 2 Operating Cash Flow Ratio Significance The ratio explains the cash flows of the bank or company which it earns by its operations and analyze it against it current liabilities to determine how well a company is in paying its debts which fall due in the financial year.FORMULA: Operation Cash Flow Ratio= Net cash generated from operating activities/ Current Liabilities |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |23,099,432/262214540= |100,070,348/369628811= |108,571,682/407621100= | | |0. 09 times |0. 27 times |0. 7 tim es | |Askari Bank |36,245,071/49327164= |35,810,016/114583064= |36,491,839/14943963= | | |0. 73 Times |0. 31 times |2. 44 times | |Bank Alfalah |19945927/350833577= |18112043/184831395= |54274913/194917015= | | |0. 06 times |0. 0 time |0. 28 time | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |0. 09 |0. 27 |0. 27 | |Askari Bank |0. 73 |0. 31 |2. 44 | |Bank Alfalah |0. 06 |0. 0 |0. 28 | [pic] Working Current Liabilities of UBL 2009 2010 2011 †¢ Bills payable (Short term) 5,147,259 5,045,815 5,879,043 †¢ Borrowings (Short term) 35,018,765 44,187,313 45,534,286 †¢ Deposits and other accounts (Short term) 209,685,205 319,797,360 340,999,875 †¢ Liabilities against assets subject to finance Lease (Short term). – – – †¢ Other liabilities (Short term) 12,363,311 369,628,811 407,621,100 †¢ Total 262,214,540 369628811 407,621,100 Working Current Liabilities of Askari Bank 009 2010 2011 †¢ Bills payable (Short term) 2,945,6703,089,9842,756,032 †¢ Borrowings (Short term) 19,300,16325,554,7772,758,043 †¢ Deposits and other accounts (Short term) 22,247,84228,646,7715,516,086 †¢ Liabilities against assets subject to finance ease (Short term). – – – †¢ Other liabilities (Short term) 4,833,48957,291,5323,913,802 †¢ Total 49,327,16411458306414,943,963 Working Current Liabilities of Bank Alfalah 2009 2010 2011 Bills payable (Short term) 3,766,144 4,521,533 5,403,453 †¢ Borrowings (Short term) 20,107,541 13,050,006 17,060,524 †¢ Deposits and other accounts (Short term) 320,249,261 161,368,880 165,257,870 †¢ Liabilities against assets subject to finance lease (Short term). 4,429 3,031 – †¢ Other liabilities (Short term) 6,706,202 5,887,945 7,195,168 †¢ Total 350,833,577184,831,395194,917,015Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph show that Operating Cash Flow of UBL is 0. 09 times in the period 2009 and 0. 27 times in the perio ds 2010 and 2011 shows consistency in respective years. While the cash flow of Askari bank is 0. 73 times in 2009 and decreases to 0. 31 times due to decline in cash generated from operating activities and increases to 2. 44 times in the year 2011 due to the decline in short term liabilities and increase in cash generation. Cash flow of Bank Alfalah is 0. 6times in the year 2009 and 0. 10 times in 2010 and 0. 28 times in the period 2011 shows increasing trend. 3 Gross Spread Ratio Significance It is being calculated by dividing the difference of interest earned and expensed by interest expensed on the deposits of the public. It will help to measure the markup income of the bank in the reporting period. FORMULA: Gross Spread Ratio = (Mark-up / return / interest earned – Mark-up / return / interest expensed) / Mark-up / return / interest earned*100 Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |61,107,025- 28,163,787= |59,331,761- 24,997,188= |70,450,475 -31,025,869= | | |32,943,238/61,107,02 5= |34,334,573/59,331,761= |39,424,606/70,450,475= | | |53. 1% |57. 87% |55. 96% | |Askari Bank |22,586,736 – 13,554,078 = |27,952,162 – 17,936,616= |32,766,351- 22,699,583= | | |9,032,658/22,586,736 = |10,015,546/27,952,162= |10,066,768/32,766,351 = 30. 72 % | | |39. 99% |35. 3 % | | |Bank Alfalah |35561312 – 24654180 =10907132/35561312 =|37530256 – 23855448= |44298178 –25687485= | | |30. 67% |13674808/37530256 = |18610693/44298178 = | | | |36. 44% |42. 01% |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |53. 91 |57. 87 |55. 96 | |Askari Bank |39. 99 |35. 83 |30. 72 | |Bank Alfalah |30. 67 |36. 44 |42. 1 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graphical representation shows the Gross Spread Ratio of UBL 53. 91% in the period 2009 and increases to 57. 87% in the period 2010 and then decreases to 55. 96% in 2011 respectively, UBL is on the top in interest earning in the market. Askari bank ratio is 39. 99% in the period 2009, 35. 8 3% and 30. 72% in the periods 2010 and 2011. While Bank Alfalah ratio is increasing from 2009 to 2011 with 30. 67%, 36. 44% and 42. 01% which is better marginally then other banks.But UBL is earning more as compare to other two banks due to better policy making and service. 4 Non-Interest Income to Total Income Ratio Significance It is other income which a bank earn from its services related to non markup sources such as advisory services and consultation provided in risk management etc. It describes the percentage of non interest income to total income of the bank or company. FORMULA: Non Mark-up / interest income to total income ratio= non mark-up / interest income / (non mark-up / interest income +Mark-up / return / interest earned)*100 Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |11,419,571/72526596= |10,090,162/69421923= |12,718,253/83168728= | | |15. 75% |14. 53% |15. 29% | |Askari Bank |2,544,415/25131151= |2,800,297/30752459= |2,902,921/35669272= | | |10. 2% |9. 11% |8. 14% | |Bank Alfal ah |5182253/40743565 = |4708161/42238417= |5367713/49665891 = | | |12. 72 % |11. 15% |10. 81% | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |15. 5 |14. 53 |15. 29 | |Askari Bank |10. 12 |9. 11 |8. 14 | |Bank Alfalah |12. 72 |11. 15 |10. 81 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows the Non Interest income of all the three banks with the highest ratio of UBL which is 15. 75% in the period 2009 and 14. 3% in the period 2010 and in 2011 is 15. 29% in comparison with Askari bank and Bank Alfalah. Askari Bank earn 10. 12% in the period 2009 and 9. 11% and 8. 14% in 2010 and 2011 which is declining. While Bank Alfalah ratios are 12. 72%, 11. 15% and 10. 81% in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 is declining respectively. So, UBL shows better ratio as compare to the other banks in all the three years. The Results shows that UBL shows fluctuation while the other banks ratios show declining trend. Working of Total income of UBL Total Income= (Non mark-up / interest income +Mark-up / return / interest earned)    |Total Income |   |   | |Non Mark-up/interest income |11,419,571 |10,090,162 |12,718,253 | |Mark-up/return/interest earned |61,107,025 |59,331,761 |70,450,475 | |Total Income = |72526596 |69421923 |83168728 | Working of Total income of Askari Bank    |Total Income |   |   | |Non Mark-up/interest income |2,544,415 |2,800,297 |2,902,921 | |Mark-up/return/interest earned |22,586,736 |27,952,162 |32,766,351 | |Total Income |25131151 |30752459 |35669272 |Working of Total Income of Bank Alfalah Total Income= (Non mark-up / interest income +Mark-up / return / interest earned) |   |Total Income |   |   | |Non Mark-up/interest income |5182253 |4708161 |5367713 |Mark-up/return/interest earned |35561312 |37530256 |44298178 | |Total Income |40743565 |42238417 |49665891 | Interpretation and comparison Interpretation is missing. 5 Spread Ratio Significance It is the ratio that describes the markup spread between income and expens e. It helps to measure how much income bank earns by incurring markup cost.Higher ratio shows more profitability through loans and investments. Formula:- Spread Ratio = Interest Earned / Interest Expensed |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |61,107,025/28,163,787= |59,331,761/24,997,188= |70,450,475/31,025,869= | | |2. 17 times |2. 37 times |2. 7 times | |Askari Bank |22,586,736/13,554,078= |27,952,162/17,936,616= |32,766,351/22,699,583= | | |1. 68 times |1. 56 times |1. 44 times | |Bank Alfalah |35561312/24654180 = |37530256/23855448= |44298178/25687485= | | |1. 44 times |1. 7 times |1. 72 times | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |2. 17 |2. 37 |2. 27 | |Askari Bank |1. 67 |1. 56 |1. 44 | |Bank Alfalah |1. 44 |1. 7 |1. 72 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows the Spread Ratio of the UBL which is highest as compare to the other two banks, is at 2. 17 times in the year 2009 and increases to 2. 37 times in the year 2010 and 2. 27 times in the year 2011, decreases the zig zag trend is due to the fluctuation in both aspects interest earn and expensed. While the ratio of Askari bank 1. 67% in the year 2009, 1. 56% in the year 2010 and 1. 4% in the year 2011 respectively. Bank Alfalah ratio shows increasing trend throughout the three years 2009 to 2011 which are as 1. 44%, 1. 57%, 1. 72% which shows better recovery of interest income from its investments 6 Advances / Deposits Ratio Significance It defines the advances banks make from the available deposits. It measures the ability of the bank in fruitful usage of money of the depositors which will increase the markup income. FORMULA: Advances / Deposits Ratio= Total Advances/ Total Deposits Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |354,091,713/492,036,103= |333,732,172/550,645,767= |325,347,208/612,980,139= | | |0. 72 times |0. 61 times |0. 53 times | |Askari Bank |135,034,499/205,970,227= |152,784,137/255,936,503= |150,710,709/291,502,993= | | |0. 6 times |0. 60 times |0. 52 times | |Bank Alfalah |188042438/324759752= |207152546/354015311= |198468512/401247886= | | |0. 58 times |0. 59 times |0. 49 times | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |0. 2 |0. 61 |0. 53 | |Askari Bank |0. 66 |0. 60 |0. 52 | |Bank Alfalah |0. 58 |0. 59 |0. 49 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows Advance/Deposit ratio of UBL which is very high as compare to other banks 0. 2 times in the year 2009 and 0. 61 times in the year 2010 and 0. 53 in the year 2011. Askari bank ratio is 0. 66 times, 0. 60 times and 0. 52 times in the consecutive years 2009, 2010 and 2011. While the ratio of bank Alfalah is 0. 58 times in 2009 and increases to 0. 59 times 2010 and decline drastically to 0. 49 times in 2011with 0. 10 times which shows that Bank Alfalah is not utilizing its deposits effectively as compare to other banks. 7 Return on Total Equity (ROE) Significance It measures income bank earns from the equity.It determines the ability of the institution how productively it uses the money of shareholders in its business. High ratio will allure more investors. FORMULA: Return on total Equity=Net Income/ Total equity*100 |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |9,192,687/52276246*100= |11,159,930/60180924*100= |15,499,663/70,622,933*100= | | |17. 58 % |18. 4 % |21. 94% | |Askari Bank |1097507/ 13142688 |943177/ 14820578*100= |1627698/ 16508782*100= | | |*100= 8. 35 % |6. 36 % |9. 86 % | |Bank Alfalah |897035/ 19770260 *100= |968452/ 19726556*100= |3503130/ 22839886*100= | | |4. 4 % |4. 91 % |15. 34 % | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |17. 58 |18. 54 |25. 76 | |Askari Bank |8. 35 |6. 36 |9. 86 | |Bank Alfalah |4. 4 |4. 91 |15. 34 | [pic] Working of Total Equity UBL (UBL) |   |Working Total equity |   |   | |   |Total Equity |   |   | |   |2009 |2010 |2011 |Share capital |11,128,907 |12,241,798 |12,241,798 | |Reserves |18,959,537 |21,688,637 | | |Un appropriated profit |22,187,802 |26,250,489 | | |Total Equity |52276246 |60180924 | | |   |   |   |   | Working of Total Equity (Askari bank)    |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Share capital |5,073,467 |6,427,440 |7,070,184 | |Reserves |7,235,710 |7,691,319 |8,136,440 | |Un appropriated profit |833,511 |701,819 |1,302,158 | |Total Equity |13,142,688 |14,820,578 |16,508,782 | Working of Total Equity (Bank Alfalah)    |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Share capital |13491563 |13491563 |13491563 | |Reserves |3587969 |3819133 |4100264 | |Un appropriated profit |2690728 |2415860 |5248059 | |Total Equity |19770260 |19726556 |22839886 | Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph show the Return On equity of all the three banks. UBL ratio is 17. 58% in the year 2009, 18. 54% in the year 2010 and 25. 76% in the year 2011. While Askari bank ratio is 8. 35% in 2009, 6. 36% in the period 2010 and 9. 86% in 2011 respectively. Bank Alfalah ratios are 4. 54%, 4. 91% and 15. 34% in the periods 2009, 2010 and 2011.So on marginal basis Alfalah improves utilizat ion of equity then other two banks. But on the whole, UBL is on the top in optimum utilization of stakeholders equity. 8 Debt Ratio Significance It measures the liabilities of the bank or company against the total assets. It should be low as investors like low ratio because the need their residual interest to be secured. FORMULA: Debt ratio= (Total debt/ Total assets)*100 |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |558,779,710/619,718,433*100= |631,402,822/699,817,887*100= |698,906,833/778,059,741*100= | | |90. 7% |90. 22 % |89. 83 % | |Askari Bank |239,378,374/254,327,446*100= |298,740,410/314,744,552*100= |325,980,040/343,756,306*100= | | |94. 12 % |94. 92% |94. 83% | |Bank Alfalah |366936635/389070055*100= |389178295/411483839*100= |442396764/468173802*100= | | |94. 31% |94. 58 % |94. 49 % | Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |90. 17 |90. 22 |89. 83 | |Askari Bank |94. 12 |94. 92 |94. 83 | |Bank Alfalah |94. 31 |94. 58 |94. 49 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above ta ble and graph show the Debt Ratio, UBL ratio is 90. 17 in the year 2009, 81. 15% in the year 2010 and 99. 7% in the year 2011. Askari bank ratio is 94. 12% in 2009, 94. 12% in 2010 and 94. 83% in 2011 which show consistency in the three years. Bank Alfalah shows also consistent trend in 2009, 2010 and 2011 are 94. 31%, 94. 58% and 94. 49%. So results show that UBL ratio is increasing which is not good indication as compare to other banks, while other banks are controlling effectively their Debt ratio. 9 Debt / Equity Ratio Significance It is the percentage of liabilities to shareholders’ money. It will define either the bank is equity or liability based. It also helps to assess the how risky the company is. FORMULA: Debt / Equity Ratio = (total debt/ total equity) Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |558,779,710/52276246= |631,402,822/60180924= |698,906,833/70,622,933= | | |10. 69 times |10. 49 times |9. 90 times | |Askari Bank |239,378,374/13142688= |298,740,410/14820578= |325, 980,040/16508782= | | |18. 21 times |20. 16 times |19. 75 times | |Bank Alfalah |366936635/19770260 = 18. 56 times |389178295/19726556= 19. 73 times |442396764/22839886= 19. 37 times | Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |10. 69 |10. 49 |11. 61 | |Askari Bank |18. 21 |20. 16 |19. 75 | |Bank Alfalah |18. 56 |19. 73 |19. 37 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows the Debt/Equity ratio where UBL ratio is 10. 69% in 2009,10. 49% in the year 2010 and 11. 1% in the year 2011 respectively which remains consistent in first two years then increases in 2011. Askari bank ratio is 18. 21% in 2009 which too high as compare to UBL, 20. 16% in 2010 and 19. 75% in the year 2011. While Bank Alfalah is on the same level 18. 56% in 2009, 19. 73% and 19. 37% in the years 2010 and 2011. As as consequence of analysis, UBL ratio is much better then other banks as its ratio is approximately 8% below the other banks ratio. 10 Price/Earnings Ratio Significance It will define the price of share against the per share earning. It should be high as it shows business prosperity and growth chances are bright in future. FORMULA: P/E = Current Market Share Price/ EPS Working of EPS EPS WORKING UBL 2009 |2010 |2011 | |Net Income= 9,192,687 |Net Income= 11,159,930 |Net Income= 15,499,663 | |Number of shares= 1,112,890 |Number of shares= 1,224,179 |Number of shares= 1,224,179 | |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares | | |=9,192,687 / 1,112,890 |= 11,159,930/1,224,179 |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares | |= 8. 26 per share |= 9. 12 per share |= 15,499,663/1,224,179 | | | |= 12. 66 per share |No of outstanding share figure has been taken from the notes i. e Share capital EPS WORKING ASKARI BANK |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Net Income= 1,097,507 |Net Income=943,177 |Net Income= 1,627,698 | | |Number of shares= 642,743 |Number of shares= 707,018 | |Number of shares= 507,346 |= Net income/ outstanding numbe r of shares | | |= 943,177/642,743 |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares | |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares |= 1. 47 per share |= 1,627,698/707,018 | |= 1,097,507/507,346 | | | | | |= 2. 30 per share | |= 2. 16 per share | | | BANK Alfalah 2009 |2010 |2011 | |Net Income= 897,035 |Net Income= 968,452 |Net Income= 3,503,130 | |Number of shares= 134,9156 |Number of shares= 134,9156 |Number of shares= 134,9156 | |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares | |= 897,035/ 134,9156 |= 968,452/ 134,9156 |= 3,503,130/ 134,9156 | |= 0. 66 per share |= 0. 71 per share |= 2. 59 per share | |0. 66 |0. 71 |2. 59 | Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |64. 25/8. 26= 7. 77 times |84. 23/9. 12= 9. 23 times | 84. 17/12. 66= 6. 64 times | |Askari Bank |45. 25/2. 16 = 20. 92 times |64. 75/1. 47 = 44. 12 times |73. 49/2. 30 = 31. 92 times | |Bank Alfalah |77. 45/0. 66 = 116. 48 times |114. 23/0. 72= 159. 13 times |16. 87/2. 60= 6. 69 times | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |7. 77 |9. 3 |6. 64 | |Askari Bank |20. 92 |44. 12 |31. 92 | |Bank Alfalah |116. 48 |159. 13 |6. 69 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows the Price Earning ratios, UBL ratio is 7. 77 times in the year 2009, 9. 23 times in 2010 and 6. 64 times in the year 2011is respectively declining. While Askari bank ratio 20. 92 times in 2009, 44. 12 times in 2010 and increases to 31. 2, on the other hand you can see the P/E of bank Alfalah in year 2009,2010, 2011 is 116. 48 in year 2009, 159. 13 year 2010 and 6. 69 in year 2011. After the result it has proved that Bank Alfalah P/E is higher and better in year 2009 and year 2010 than other two banks. Askari bank and UBL shows declining trend which is unfavorable for the investors. Chapter 4) Conclusion and Recommendations 4. 1) Conclusion Following findings has been inferred on the basis of above ratio analyses which are as 1 . Net profit margin ratio of UBL is high as compare to Askari and Alfalah. In addition to that, Bank Alfalah captures the second level in the comparison.So, UBL has taken over the major share of profit margin 2. Analysis of Operating Cash Flow ratio shows Askari bank ratio is high as compare to UBL and Alfalah. 3. On the basis of ratio analysis UBL gross spread ratio is good and high as compare to Askari and bank Alfalah in the current year. While Bank Alfalah is ranked second in the comparison. 4. In accordance with the analysis of non-interest income to total income ratio UBL ratio is high as compare to the other two banks. While analysis show Askari bank ratio is lowest than UBL and bank Alfalah. 5. The analysis has shown UBL spread ratio is high and much better than other banks in comparison. 6.On the basis of advance/Deposit ratio analysis UBL ratio is high as compare to Askari and Alfalah in the current year. 7. The analysis of Return on equity ratio shows that UBL return is h igh and better than the other two banks. 8. Debt ratio Analysis shows that UBL ratio is high than other two banks. While Askari and Alfalah are at the same level. 9. According to the analysis of Debt/Equity ratio Askari bank ratio is high and bank Alfalah is on the second position. 10. The Price/Earning ratio of Askari bank is high in the analysis of the three banks. While UBL is on the second and bank Alfalah is on the third rank. 4. 2) Recommendations 1. The Net profit Margin ratio of Askari and bank Alfalah is low.In order to improve their net profit both the banks should have to cut down their non markup expenses while, on the other hand their turnover is satisfactory. 2. The Operating cash flow of UBL and Alfalah should have to be improved. These banks should decrease their current liabilities and ensure the availability of more liquidity to meet short term debts. 3. Askari bank and bank Alfalah both banks need to adopt measures to cut down their interest expenses in order to i ncrease their gross spread ratio. 4. In order to increase non interest income Askari and Alfalah needs to increase their earnings through fees, commissions and other advisory charges etc. 5.In Advance/Deposit ratio Askari bank and Alfalah should have to utilize their deposits in more projects either through corporate financing or general public financing. 6. 6. Return on total equity of Askari bank is low, it should increase its net income by cut down its expenses with significant margin. 7. Debt ratio of UBL is high so it should have to avoid more borrowings and use available funds in more proper ways. 8. Spread ratio of Askari bank is low as compare to other banks it should have to increase its lending and use deposits in effective ways. SECTION II a) Introduction of the student Last Degree Obtained: – Bachelor of Commerce Current Organization Dubai City Flowers LLC, Dubai, UAECurrent Designation: – Administration Manger Experience 10+ years b) BIBLOGRAPHY Askari ban k limited Pakistan. (2009). annual-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Askari bank Limited Official website:http://www. askaribank. com. pk/Reports/Askari%20Financials%202009. pdf Askari bank limited Pakistan. (2010). annual-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Askari bank Limited Official website:http://www. askaribank. com. pk/Reports/Askari%20AR2010%20(Final%20Version). pdf Askari bank limited Pakistan. (2011). annual-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Askari bank Limited Official website: http://www. askaribank. com. k/Reports/Askari%20AR%202011%20ALL. pdf United bank limited . (2009). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from United bank Limited Official website: https://www. ubldirect. com/corporate/resources/ubl/aboutus/financial_report/report_2009/annual_dec09/UBLAnnualReport2009. pdf. United bank limited . (2010). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from United bank Limited Official website: https://www. ubldirect. com/corporate/resour ces/ubl/aboutus/financial_report/report_2010/annual_dec10/UBLAnnualReport2010. pdf United bank limited . (2011). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from United bank Limited Official website: https://www. ubldirect. om/corporate/resources/ubl/aboutus/financial_report/report_2011/Annual_Reports/UBL%20Annual%20Report%202011. pdf Bank Alfalah Limited. (2009). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Bank Alfalah Limited Official website: http://www. bankalfalah. com/about/download/AnnualReport2009. pdf Bank Alfalah Limited. (2010). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Bank Alfalah Limited Official website: http://www. bankalfalah. com/about/download/BALAnnualReport2010. pdf Bank Alfalah Limited. (2011). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Bank Alfalah Limited Official website: http://www. bankalfalah. com/about/download/BALAnnualReport2011. pdf

Case formulation on Theodore Bundy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3208 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? There are a variety of psychological disorders that people normally suffer from. One of these disorders is the antisocial personality disorder which is a condition that makes a person want to be alone, secluded from the rest of the society. This disorder is also known as psychopathy or sociopathy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case formulation on Theodore Bundy" essay for you Create order This illness is a mental health condition where a person has an extended pattern of manipulation, exploitation, and violation of others rights. This behavior is considered to be criminal. According to research, the antisocial personality disorder starts at childhood or at teen age whereby it is normally mild and unnoticeable. It can sometimes be confused with the adolescent in teenage children. There many different symptoms that can be detected in a person with antisocial personality disorder (Laws, 2001). People with this disorder have the ability to act cheerful and charming. They are considered to be like a time bomb because of the fact that they can have an unexpected episode. A common symptom among the people who suffer this disorder is that they constantly break the law and do not show signs of remorse or culpability. Also, they are impulsive, compulsive liars, they get easily irritated, and they continually neglect their own and others safety. Another important symptom is that they are very good when it comes to manipulating others feelings. Those people who have the disorder may also present problems like chronic boredom, compulsive need to gamble, and drug and alcohol abuse. Since they present many sudden changes in the behavior and a lack of many senses, they are more likely to commit suicide. After a brief explanation of the personality disorders that people suffer from, this paper will expound on the case study of Theodore Bundy who happens to suffer from the antisocial personality disorder. Theodore portrays symptoms that can be attributed to the disorder and which have evidently changed his lifestyle. He cannot venture into leisure or recreational exercises which he previously found to be fun, and prefers to stay in bed all the day. The patient seems to have a completely different approach to thinking, and behavior which makes him become an introverted person who prefers to be alone. Notably, the patients has trouble recognizing and connecting with situations and people, even himself (Meyer, Chapman Weaver, 2008). This paper will expound on the case of Theodore and derive arguments from other authentic sources so as to reach a conclusion about the diagnosis and treatment of the personality disorder. It is very important that people know how to recognize this disorder to be able to take necessary medical action in good time and prevent any further problems. The specific origin that can cause this disorder is unclear because each person can present a combination of different characteristics and can only be discovered after rigorous sessions and intensive studies about the patient’s history. According to research, there are many theories, however, about the possible causes of are likely due to factors attributed to genes and other biological factors as well psychological factors. To understand this, we can divide it into two parts, genetics and external causes. When we talk about external causes, we can refer to the environment that the people with this disorder had in the past like parents or relatives with alcohol or drug problems, grown in a specific urban environment where both violence and child abuse dominates. Another cause could be children who had a very permissive familiar environment without clear rules of education or children who have been educated too freely without any supervision of the parents (Meyer, Chapman Weav er, 2008). Research has established that there are various physiological responses which are more likely to frequently in people with antisocial personality disorder. For example, these people have a flat response to stress and are generally less anxious than the normal people. Another important aspect that research highlights is that the disorder is probably caused by a combination of psychological factors. Having one of the many character traits does not necessary mean that one has the disorder. The antisocial personality has been termed as one of the most complicated psychological disorders.This is because the condition is quite hard to contain and treat mainly because people who suffer from it rarely come out on their own to seek treatment. It has also been found out that some people suffer from this disorder for some time and it fades off on its own as they approach the age of forty. Despite that, many psychotherapy techniques have been believed to treat this disorder. In patients of younger age, the involvement of the family, as well as psychotherapy, can help to suppress that behavior in a child (Bennie, 2012). The cognitive therapy technique is yet another strategy that is used to treat the antisocial personality disorder. Kendra Cherry who is a psychology expert explains that cognitive behavior therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that helps patients to contain and control the thoughts that have a fundamental influence on thinking and behavior. In some severe cases where the patient seems to be in a critical condition, some medication is used to contain the adverse effects of the psychological condition. These are mainly the cases where the patient portrays signs of depression, aggressiveness, irritability, and anxiety, but there are still a lot of concerns raised concerning the effectiveness of these techniques and their compatibility in the treatment of this type of disorder mainly due to the fact that people affected by it do not recognize that they have a problem (Sturmey Et al, 2007). It is more likely that the treatment will be successful if it is started as soon as possible, but their general behavior and thinking remains unaltered. If this behavior is detected early enough, it can be treated through a variety of both psychological and medical approaches that will free the patient from the disorder. However, the problem with detection of the disorder there are so many people with this disorder who do not recognize it. Many people who have it do not realize that they have a psychological problem and therefore they cannot be convinced to seek medical attention. The duty lies with the immediate family, relatives, and friend who should urge the patient to seek treatment or psychological help. The society should also be sensitive when it comes to this disorder as some people who have it may not pay attention to it, and it may have adverse effects on their reasoning eventually to violent and depressing endings. Theodore Bundy is the main case study that this paper is going to focus on as well as other cases which show great similarity to the behavioral characteristics that Bundy depicted. Bundy grew up like any other child in his neighborhood. He was bright in class, and his performance was way above average. His parents were greatly involved in is education whereby they helped with homework and other school work. Young Bundy did not portray any questionable character traits, and if any, his parents suppressed them and did not openly talk about it. Bundy did not engage in private talk with his parents on issues such as dating and sex and that made them remain unaware of his sexual desires and escapades (Letourneau Borduin, 2008). Bundy used to go to the neighbors dustbins to look for pictures of naked women. In most cases, Bundy chose to be alone whereby he listened to a small radio that he had and did no engage in playing games like the rest of his age mates. His parents were not keen on his behavior, and therefore they did not notice something odd with his character. Bundy was obsessed with material possessions and fantasized about being adopted by a rich family of actors. Though he attended a couple of parties while in high school, Bundy did not develop proper social skills and that made him refrain from engaging in social activities. His antisocial behavior was more evident in high school where he became introverted and spent most of his time alone, unlike when in junior school. After school Bundy volunteered to work in a local political race. Bundy developed a political career where he associated with a lot of people and began to make friends. Someone could have easily thought that he was like any other person in the political arena. However, Bundy explained that he had a separate entity which coexisted within him and forced him to kill. Bundy was quite intelligent, and even after he started his killings, he managed to escape justice for about ten years. The judges who passed his judgment were amazed by his intelligence. Indeed he seemed to be a separate entity from the killer personality. His antisocial personality disorder was believed to be the main factor behind his multiple killing of innocent victims. Like Bundy, Hilde had the antisocial personality disorder which showed up later on after teen age. The family doctor directed Hilde to a therapist when the cure with quick assurance and valium became unsuccessful. Particularly, Hilde who is 42 years and a house maker was undergoing marital difficulties at her marriage with headaches and slight depression too.   The physician had the perspective that her condition was due to panic attacks, (Meyer, Chapman Weaver, 2008). But after valium cure, Hilde did not stop complaining about the same effects, which made the physician direct her to my clinic. When the first consultation was conducted with a different physician, she seemed to be really eager and had an urge of talking to me. She was questioned whether she was aware of what brings a headache, slight depressions and also marital problems. While answering, she went to the extent of describing her past. The examination revealed that during her descriptions, she was unable to relate t heir spontaneous role with the headaches, minor depression, as well as matrimonial troubles.   Hilde was so happy speaking to a person about her life and forgot about the intention of the interview. However, she was given an ear to her for a little bit and when on the discovery that the irrelevancies became more and a decision of helping her connect her past with the present know-hows. But she repelled my efforts and went ahead turning moody and angry. She sauntered when I challenged the irrelevancies. That is when it started to occur to me that her condition was more related to antisocial personality disorder. Diagnosing Joseph using the stated diagnosis, I had gone through his life past. When Joseph was a year old, his father fell from the roof of the church while he was mending it. Also, his mother came back to the house that belonged to her father, and the father was chosen as the guardian to Joseph. Further, the grandfather was murdered in less than a year afterward (Meyer, Chapman Weaver, 2008). Two years later, the other maternal grandfather passed away due to a heart disease.   Because of emotional and financial issues from a parental grandmother who raised Joseph, he spent about a year in an orphanage at the age of 12 to 13. They had a life featured with a movement from place to place. This led to a change in family friends as well a change in roles of parents. His education was faced with a lot of disruptions, and he had the ability to achieve eighth-grade schooling. That is the time he began showing emblems of dyslexia and negligence (Meyer, Chapman Weaver, 2008). However, he managed to acquire an overall similar high school degree.   Despite the fact that Joseph acquired a job and married, he life continued to be referred as a sad one. He was very good at his job and went ahead spending extra time to get overtime pay.   He became angry when his wife got a job away from their home. Due to this, he went out with the hope that his wife would return (Meyer, Chapman Weaver, 2008).   Thus, the occasions catalyzed presence and also rise of clear psychiatric signs. His disorder became known in 1980 when a physician was curing him for bursitis on his shoulder.   From the psychiatrists report, there was an indication that Joseph was working for 16 hours in a day. Rather than going home to get sleep, he bar wished and ended sleeping for only two hours. The quickening of his condition came about due to the anger he had towards his wife’s Brenda ex-husband. He began hating him when he found out that he makes money very easily. He also got angry due to depression from the spells of difficulties arising from his stepchildren. The fury he had to the ex-husband of Brenda intensified,  Ã‚   which made Joseph track him a month. He had the mindset of bowing brains of the ex-husband of Brenda out. In the following seven years, there was breakage of relations with his mother as well as his eldest son because of personal disagreements.   The year 1984, he attempted to commit suicide which made his wife divorce him (Meyer, Chapman Weaver, 2008). Monroe was the daughter of Gladys Baker and wasn’t aware of her father. She underwent lots of difficulties when she was young.   She lived in an orphanage as she underwent her childhood as well as adolescence (at this point she was given the responsibilities of being a kitchen assistant while she was at a caring age of nine). At her grandparent’s place as well as that of families who adopted her, she didn’t get a family (Mever et al, 2008).   The young Norma Jean didn’t have a home. She was moved from one foster household to another and never coped. She stayed with about seven adoptive families in the period of 4 years  Ã‚   (Meyer et al., 2008). Being a sexual abuse victim, it’s usual for a young girl to writhe from mental disorders. Among one of the households, she underwent sexual abuse from an actor but wasn’t believed by her foster parent when she reported it.   She was made not to mention the experience ever again. She was left in the care of a friendly marriage until the moment she turned seven.   Thereafter, she took her and stayed with her. But after a year, she got hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital where she got spotted of paranoid schizophrenia, which is a disease that Mary came to find out that she inherited mainly the moment she got admitted due to recurring depressions. Therefore, Marilyn Monroe is from a specific group, which is really common, of women who acquired an interior force analytically deteriorated by severe structures containing a conventional, striking world, strong when it comes to its prohibitions,   but again insincere for it diminished her as a   lady. Sexual abuse is an issue which has been there from the start of humanity.   Due to this, small Monroe in a number of years became withdrawn, a mumbling girl, due to hallucinations, where she woke up yelling mid night and woke her mates who were in the orphanage. Sexual abuse is a common cause of psychological disorders. Some people manage to move on, others get used to living with the trauma, and others simply cannot continue and end up with their lives. However, Marilyns childhood was very stormy since she never had a regular family. His mother could not take care of her because of her economic and emotional problems and gave her to several families for adoption. It is said that the first time Marilyn was sexually abused was at the age of five years. These abuses continued throughout her childhood and at the hands of different individuals, most of which were members of her family. This affected Marilyn throughout her life (Meyer et al., 2008). The three cases analyzed in this paper display problems with Over-generalizing Features of Relationships. Bundy in his killings would ask for favors from strangers even asking them to get in his car which was a trap that he used to get young girls and torture them before eventually killing them. People who suffer antisocial personality disorder in most cases have these problems as they tend to have no friends (Plante, 2005). They, therefore, try to reach out to anyone who happens to be available, and from the brief interaction, they get to trap them and use them to carry out their desires. For instance, a client who insists on meeting the therapist during off hours twice a day or even immediately would probably have the problem of generalizing features of relationships which is a character trait evident in the three cases analyzed in this paper. Some other clients tend to discriminate against appropriate context to make a request or to reveal a new need that they have. Such clients tend to some difficulties in engaging in these activities to avoid or escape aversive contingencies. Such individuals have a problem with expressing themselves and talking about their needs at the appropriate times or difficulties responding to requests that are made by other people or have an attitude of opposition to the clients own needs. This is evident in the cases analyzed whereby Bundy had issues in focusing on the needs and responding to requests made by other people and sometimes would even turn violent (Popescu, 2010). Monroe on the other side was determined to lead a normal life but kept on drifting due to her inability to relate and respond to the people around her, and especially those who were out to help her. Another problem that the characters analyzed seem to have is rejecting that a Need is Present. This can be described as the behavior by a client that shows that they believe that their needs are less likely to be catered for satisfactorily. This is usually a prejudgment that occurs even before the person has communicated the needs or experienced a service that does not satisfy them. This prevents these people from exposing their problems due to fear that they cannot be helped. The people analyzed in the paper have similarities with relation to antisocial personality disorder. When an inquiry is made to this people about their condition, they would most likely decline that they have a problem and dismiss the inquiry which is one of the main reasons that makes people think that they actually are normal. In conclusion, this paper has analyzed case studies of people with the antisocial personality disorder as well as analyzed the dominant behavioral character traits that these people possessed. Bundy grew up like any other child in his neighborhood. He was bright in class, and his performance was way above average. His parents were greatly involved in is education whereby they helped with homework and other school work. Young Bundy did not portray any questionable character traits and if any, his parents suppressed them and did not openly talk about it. Monroe was the daughter of Gladys Baker and wasnt aware of her father. She underwent lots of difficulties when she was young.   She lived in an orphanage as she underwent her childhood as well as adolescence at this point she was given the responsibilities of being a kitchen assistant while she was at a caring age of nine. Physicians have a problem addressing issues related to the condition of these people due to various factors that have been analyzed in the paper.