Carer’s and UK social work law Essay

 ‘Carers’ need support from the common law, not rebuffed by the criminal law. How much do you consider the law treats ‘carers’?  ‘Carers’ have become a basic viewpoint in the lives of the UK residents. A carer can be alluded to as any individual who cares, unpaid, for a companion or relative who because of disease, handicap, a psychological wellness issue, or a compulsion can't adapt without their (carer) support. There are different explanations for any individual taking on caring are fluctuated, yet can contain causes, for example, Serious physical disease, Long-term physical inability, Long-term neurological conditions, Mental medical issues, Dementia, Addiction, Learning troubles.  Just as the motivation behind why somebody turns into a carer differs, the equivalent is the situation for the assignments that a carer satisfies. These assignments incorporate reasonable house hold undertakings, individual consideration and passionate help among numerous others. Much the same as some other individual in United Kingdom, the ‘carers’ needs assurance by the law particularly the common law and not being exposed to discipline by the criminal law. The equity framework in the United Kingdom is the instrument that maintains the standard of law. The country’s courts give a gathering that is successful in settling questions just as to test and authorize laws in a judicious and reasonable way. In addition, the courts framework has shaped the reason for the explaining of any questions and law breaking offenses in the network and at all levels (Swain and Rice, 2009).  â€Å"Law and social work† have become a significant viewpoint in the United Kingdom social set up. It alludes to the intersection point between the completing of the public work and the lawful structure in the nation. This incorporates parts of the lawful framework, for example, the: lawful foundations (jails and courts among others), case law, and lawful specialists, for example, the adjudicators, lawyers, criminological specialists, paralegals, and elective question goals, among numerous others. Law assumes various critical jobs in the ‘carers’ practice of social work. For instance, from an ecological perspective, the lawful structure is a basic piece of any client’s social setting. Various social work customers are worried about lawful structures, for example, criminal equity, youngster security, or emotional wellness. ‘Carers’ should be touchy of the laws that controls or directs each structure in order to assist customers with control ling their way through these structures all the more productively, and to be equipped for supporting for law improvement to improve the honesty of fit connecting customers and their socio-legitimate environmental factors. Likewise, laws additionally regulate heaps of associations important to social work customers (McIvor and Raynor, 200). These incorporate connections, for example, occupant/landowner, manager/specialist, quiet/doctor, kids and guardians just as client/seller among others connections. Consequently, recognition of the law should give experts with a practical discerning of their clients’ rights and duties in a wide assortment of social relations. Resulting, association explicit laws manage various social organizations, for example, the clinics, social help, schools, emotional well-being offices, restorative establishments, and other social offices. Association explicit laws may arrange who is equipped for administrations, standards for record keeping, protectio n, and other customer social equality (McIvor and Raynor, 200).  ‘Carers’ or better still ‘Social workers’ need to understand these laws thusly to ensure that their associations keep the laws, and to have the option to advocate for alterations in the law to energize better and greater monetary and social unbiasedness. Thirdly, various laws control the control of social work itself. For the most part there are permitting or potentially approval laws that control the completing of social work, just as who perhaps will rehearse and what estimations of execution are legally took into account them to perform. ‘Carers’ ought to likewise be aware of amateurish lead or (tort) local laws that make out when a ‘carer’ might be lawfully responsible for instigating injury or mischief to a client on the off chance that they complete their rehearsed obligations in a methodology that falls underneath a sane degree of care. In synopsis, some ‘carers’ has their work in criminological environmental factors, leading assessments, valuation, and treatment for customers associated with court or other lawful frameworks. Such settings incorporate probation, jail, kid care appraisal, and uncontrolled committal to psychological well-being establishments (McIvor and Raynor, 200).  Despite being essential in the administration of any nation, there is incredible distinction between the common and criminal law. The two are diverse just as wide parts of law with particular of laws and disciplines. â€Å"The difference stuck between criminal law and common law is considered the two changed items which law tries to rehearse, put right or punishment. The constituent of common law is the getting right of wrongs through by compelling pay or reimbursement: the guilty party isn't punished; he just experiences such a great amount of mischief as is essential to make great an inappropriate he has done. The individual who has experienced gets a particular advantage the law, or if nothing else he maintains a strategic distance from a misfortune. Then again, on account of violations, the primary target of the law is to train the delinquent; to give him and others solid allures not to carry out same or comparable violations, just as to transform him ideally and furthermore fulfill the open sense that bad behavior should meet with revenge.† For instance, the criminal law involves cases, for example, robbery, ambush, murder among others while the common involves angles, for example, misbehavior and carelessness (Swain and Rice, 2009).   Over the time the social work and the law in United Kingdom has gone along together shaping a relationship where one can't manage without the other. The law requires an absolute necessity enlistment of the carers in one of the numerous registers associations in the nation. This takes into consideration the powerful insurance of the ‘carers’ by the law. This has brought along an away from of the law and thusly characterizing what is morally directly for the parental figures in their work. The social law has called for ‘Carers’ need to perceive decent variety in the mindful administrations. Regarding and Valuing administration clients, independent of, for instance, their moral definitions, sex or age is integral to brilliant practice by the . It is additionally about working such that counters the uncalled for or inconsistent treatment of people or gatherings based on their race, sex, class, age, culture, religion, sexuality or capacity. There is a deve loping assemblage of law that looks to restrict and rebuff a scope of oppressive practices in different sorts of social setting, for instance in the arrangement of administrations and in work openings. For social laborers, esteeming assorted variety involves more than this. Social work experts should know that there are auxiliary measurements to segregation.  The law characterizes what the carer should see when offering their administrations to their customers. One of the key viewpoints that they should watch is the need to ensure the rights and bolster the interests of administration clients and ‘carers’. What's more, the law additionally requires the ‘carers’ to endeavor towards building up and keeping up the certainty and trust of administration clients and ‘carers’ or themselves. Other prerequisite by the law to the social parental figures include: advance the freedom of administration clients while shielding them beyond what many would consider possible from risk or mischief. Esteeming the privileges of administration clients while in search to guarantee that their conduct doesn't hurt themselves or others. Support open trust and trust in social consideration administrations, and furthermore be e answerable for the nature of their work and assume liability for keeping up and improving their insight and aptitudes.  Social work is a dependable and requesting work. Specialists work in social settings described by tremendous decent variety, and they play out a scope of jobs, requiring various aptitudes. Open desires, office prerequisites, assets, and the necessities of administration clients all make pressures for social specialists. The general population gets just a depiction of a social worker’s duties and, against a foundation of media fixation on the shocking, the a great many fruitful results and long periods of difficult work in childcare and with defenseless grown-ups are rarely thought of. In interceding in people’s lives, social specialists face practice quandaries emerging from the connection between social work esteems and the law (for instance, attempting to advance the rights and self-assurance of administration clients and offsetting this with the need to secure them and to ensure the privileges of others (Swain and Rice, 2009).   The connection between social work and the law is a piece of a progressing banter. There are the individuals who embrace a legalistic model and contend that the law, reflected through court orders, is key to social work practice (for instance, Blom-Cooper, 1985). Others have contended that over-dependence on the law neglects to address the issues individuals face and may even worsen them. This appears to introduce a difficulty for training. The developing significance of the law in social work practice and dynamic is reflected in the preparation prerequisites for experts working in the field of social work (Department of Health, 2002). However it is basic that close by this there is a worth base with an accentuation on p

Sociology- Sex Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human science Sex Paper - Essay Example n (1994), DSM-IV characterizes transvestite fetishism as a ‘heterosexual male who traverse a time of in any event six months.’ This male additionally has ‘recurring explicitly stimulating fantasies.’ The DSM-IV includes that an individual must be analyzed as having transvestite fetishism if ‘significant trouble or impedance in working, with or without sexual orientation dysphoria,’ is related with the cross-dressing. (Bordan and De Ricco1997) The DSM-IV itself separates between a person who can be analyzed as having transvestite fetishism and one who has a sexual orientation personality issue. For one to be determined to have sexual orientation personality issue one would need to reliably portray‘cross-sex identification’. This depiction would incorporate ‘symptoms, for example, an expressed want to be the other sex, visit going as the other sex, or the conviction that the person has the run of the mill sentiments and responses of the other sex. (Thicket 2001) Likewise, roughly 66% of male transsexuals favor solid hetero-sexual guys. Indeed they deny gay accomplices. (Arbor, 2001) Therein rests one of the significant contrasts between transsexuals or people with sexual orientation personality issue and gay people. Gay people as the name suggests are people of a similar sex associated with sexual connections though male transsexuals like to take part in sexual associations with hetero - sexual guys as opposed to gay people. In like manner the transvestite might possibly want to take part in sexual associations with gay people. Also, specialists have noticed that guys with sex personality issue might be pulled in to guys, females, either genders or neither of the genders. Incredibly, however females related to sexual orientation character issue are about consistently pulled in to just females. (Nook 2001. p 2) Gay people might be characterized into two principle classes, to be specific, ‘the delicate homosexual’ and the ‘drag queen.’ (Bower 2001) Although the feminine gay has

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"All Quiet in the Western Front†      In the film, â€Å"All Quiet in the Western Front,† Paul is a normal eighteen-year-old male who enrolls in the Army and is sent to battle in WWI, which changes his perspectives and makes him a grown-up. Everyone in Paul’s old neighborhood is strong of Paul and his friends enrolling think it is an incredible chance to have the option to battle in the war. At essential preparing, they are indicated what military life resembles from their recruit instructor who treats him and his companions staggeringly harsh. Paul gets back, he has a very surprising point of view and his prior way of life.      Paul and twenty of his cohorts enrolled in the Army to go battle in WWI. Paul was then exceptionally near his loved ones. One of his high scho...

The Chronicles of Taoism Essay Topics

The Chronicles of Taoism Essay Topics Both religions believe the individual must center on the self to accomplish the greatest aim. To concentrate on oneself, all desires and individual ambitions have to be forsaken. Instead it migrates to a different life. Lots of people would argue that we don't utilize Tao belief in our everyday lives but that's also an issue of interpretation. The Most Popular Taoism Essay Topics True words aren't pleasing. An individual must revolve around the self and the suitable means of life to reach immortality. There's no good without evil or vice versa, light necessitates darkness, wisdom demands folly, etc. Taoist believe the soul isn't reborn. The Taoism Essay Topics Cover Up Other individuals claim this in order to be productive, a leader has to be willing and ready to cooperate with other people. Quite several men and women take part in morning cardiovascular exercise like jogging. They are elements or sections of an individual's life. Tao is the gist of everything that's correct, and complications exist only because people decide to complicate their own lives. What You Need to Do About Taoism Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't really hard to discover. There's the range of topics divided into categories in accordance with their theme. The multiple topics could possibly be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. You may be having essay topics that are tough to research or that require research materials which aren't readily offered. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but remember to do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. There are a lot of strategies to find the info needed for your essay. There are scores and scores of various channels on the internet that dwell upon particular topics that might be joined to the creation of your essay. When you haven't already mastered the process, it is going to be difficult to learn and compose all at one time. The Key to Successful Taoism Essay Topics Professor Xavier is somebody who rises above other mutants when it comes to the accomplishments. With these kinds of variations in psyche, at this point you have a very simple notion of what things to incorporate in your check and distinction essay. You want to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. A lot of scholars have written lots of books concerning excellent governance. Wha tever They Told You About Taoism Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Among the ultimate goals in Taoism is to attain immortality. Taoism is, in addition, the origin of the philosophy of Yin and Yang. Ahead of the Communist revolution in China, Taoism was one of the most important religions in the nation. According to Taoism, a great person is similar to water. The Argument About Taoism Essay Topics Now, you're not only going to learn the fundamentals of an exemplification essay but in addition the best way to think of an amazing essay all on your own. There are many essay types, and at times the topic itself is as vital as the form of the essay you're assigned. List three to five topics that you're interested in or would love to write about. It's therefore important to thoroughly consider different college essay topics. Bear in mind your essay isn't a research paper, and thus do not cover the top with documentation. Example essays concentrate on one major idea that you prove with different specific, convincing examples. The example essay is among the absolute most basic essays in academic writing, but may be exceedingly difficult if you've never written one or don't know what things to write about. If you haven't been provided a prompt to write about, you should produce your own interesting creative essays. The simplest approach to learn the kind of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. A writer simply are not able to create the blanks, and they have to stay with various points. Instead, he can always do a bit of planning in order to come up with an essay. In essence, he should not be looking to persuade the reader with a topic. The Most Popular Taoism Essay Topics Other people think that such competition seriously limits the standard of authentic learning. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to folks who are quite interested in how you'll handle the subsequent four years by yourself. There is generally a selection of titles, but it is necessary to check the kind of topics that have come up in the tests for each school previously. Music practice and the strategies to have it organized. When you are finished, proofread your essay and refine it, if necessary. The essay offers you an opportunity to reveal how effectively you may read and comprehend a passage and compose an essay analyzing the passage. 1 important thing that you should do when writing your essay is to help it become personal. Our example essay may also help you to understand how to use various style of writing. To begin with, your motivation for a writer is affected by the essay topic you pick. Instead, he should focus on a brief summary that helps finish the essay in an eloquent manner.

Jane Austen An Influential Writer In History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1182 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Pride and Prejudice Essay Did you like this example? Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, in Hampshire England. Her father, Reverend George Austen worked as Steventonrs rector and encouraged his children to embrace learning. Jane Austen was the seventh born of the family of eight children she had one sister and six brothers (Teachman 2). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jane Austen: An Influential Writer In History" essay for you Create order She lived with her family and never married (Teachman 11). Jane commenced writing as a young teen, and it was her unique way of keeping the family entertained (Teachman 7). Her first novel, Sense and Sensibility was published in 1811. After much revision, Pride and Prejudice was published in 1813(Teachman 53). Incredibly, all her books were published anonymously, this being agreeable to her retiring personality. Jane died on July 18, 1817, and her remains are buried at Winchester Cathedral. Today, Jane is regarded as an English classic and one of the most influential authors in history (Teachman 17-18). In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen starts with sensational remarks, It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife (Austen 1). The statement makes it evident that Austen intends to inject profound humor by taking normal subjects, such as marriage, and ostentatiously writing of the judiciously. Pride and Prejudice is the best-known novel by Austen and it explores how a first impression can be elusive and create unnecessary prejudices which can be misleading. The main character in the novel is Elizabeth Bennet, who has four sisters and whose situations demand that they all marry well. The novel reveals Austenrs humorous outlook of the humanrs state of being. With this background, the next part of this paper will look at three articles about the novel. In The impact of the Feminist Heroine: Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice published in the International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, Hui-Chun Chang critically explores the feminist importance of Elizabeth Bennet. Chang asserts that while other female characters in the novel such as Caroline and Charlotte conform to the socially imposed gender norms, Elizabeth craftily challenges gender inequality (Chang 76). Chang contends that Elizabeth feminists views have a purpose that exceeds the comedic effect and Austen uses Elizabeth to voice her concerns about the socially imposed gender types (Chang 76). Rather than conforming to the popular one-dimensional view that Elizabeth attitude was only intended by Austen comedy, Chang adopts a broader perspective and hold that Elizabethrs feminist acumen serves the role of influencing Mr. Darcyrs character. Chang comments that unlike other female characters, Elizabeth boldly speaks her mind decidedly and she is unwilling to bend to the rules of the societal dictate (Change 77). Hang contrasts Caroline and Elizabeth to prove that indeed, Elizabeth is different from other women in the novel. While Caroline embodies the stereotypical Regency-era woman who has been well educated as per the expectations of the society, she fails to value intellectual achievements, Elizabeth is motivated to pursue intellectual achievements despite not having gotten a typical female education. Chang argues that Elizabethrs feminist qualities have come to light when contrasted against the female foils in the novel (Chang 82). Chang concludes that Elizabeth epitomizes how women can assert their independence and still catch the attention of a suitable husband. (Chang 82) In Marriage in Jane Austenrs Pride and Prejudice published in the International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, Amjad Azam Mohammed analyzes the situation of marriage in the Victorian age and how women were approaching it. Mohammed argues that during the Victorian age, women had different reasons for conducting marriage, including enhancing their social status and ensuring their future (Mohammed 59). During the era in which Austen wrote the novel, marriage was undergoing a significant change from an aristocratic institution to a tolerable institution that could identify the values of women. Mohammed asserts that the transition can be traced in the novel through the character of Elizabeth who defies the status quo and asserts her independence of thoughts and actions (Mohammed 60). Mohammed argues that Pride and Prejudice provides a real-life experience into the institution of marriage during the Victorian age (Mohammed 62). Womenrs were seen as menrs property. Women were denied rights to inherit or possess anything left by their family. Also, women did not have a voice in the society. Austen suggests that many marriages were built on the material needs of women, but she encourages women to be independent and engage in marriage based on love (Mohammed 66). Mohammed concludes that despite varying reasons for marriages, Pride and Prejudice paints marriage as an institution that was experiencing inevitable progress. In The Portrayal of Male Fools in Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice published in English Language and Literature Studies, Ali Albashir Mohammed Al-Haj examines how men are treated in Austenrs novel Pride and Prejudice. Al-Haj asserts that Austenrs work took an interest in people, instead of the ideas and the success of each work is contingent upon the exact presentation of human situations (Al-Haj 44). This infers that Austen was not a social reformer, rather she was a sharp observer who used her talent to make the society think of its flaws. According to Al-Haj, the character of male fools in Pride and Prejudice are fixed characters, who do not change throughout (Al-Haj 47). Al-Haj concludes that a male character in the novel is a fool to the extent that one is seen as a portraiture of good for nothing who does wrong professionally but is devoid of moral awareness. In sum, Jane Austen is a renowned classic and an influential writer in history. Pride and Prejudice captures Austenrs sense of humor and reveals how the author is meticulously using comic to castigate her society for oppressing women. Chang who authored the first article, has explored the novel through the personality of Elizabeth. The major conclusion of the article is that women can be independent and still marry a desirable husband. The second article that was examined in the paper, was authored by Mohammed. In his article he discussed the marriage institution and concluded that the Victorian themes that characterized the marriage institution were being threatened by a new breed of women such as Elizabeth who ushered the society to look at women from a different and new prospective. The third article that was written by Al-Haj who examines male fools in the novel. Al-Haj concludes that male fools in the novel are the male characters who promote status quo. Ultimately, all of the t hree articles have brought new ways to look at Austenrs Pride and Prejudice. Work cited Teachman, Debra. Student Companion to Jane Austen, Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 2000. ProQuest Ebook Central, pp.2,7,11,17-18,54. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/fit/detail.action?docID=3000123. Austen, Jane, and C. E. Brock. Pride and Prejudice. e-artnow, 2013. EBSCOhost, pp.1. search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=nlebkAN=575319site=ehost-live. Chang, Hui-Chun. The impact of the Feminist Heroine: Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice. International Journal of Applied Linguistic English Literature 3.3 (2014): 76-82. Mohammed, Amjad Azam. Marriage in Jane Austenrs Pride and Prejudice. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 2.4 (2016): pp.59-73. Al-Haj, Ali Albashir Mohammed. The Portrayal of Male Fools in Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice. English Language and Literature Studies 4.2 (2014): pp.44-50.

Alternative Energy - 1688 Words

Are alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence on oil? September 24, 2012 Are alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence on oil? Right now there is no one substitute for oil because we use it for a variety of things. We can use alternative sources in areas to preserve or conserve our usage of oil. We use to use wood for fires and light. Then in the industrial revolution we began to use coal. â€Å"Coal can provide much more energy over longer periods than wood or any other biomass product. Forests were also diminishing in many regions because they were being consumed for fuel.† (Eric McLamb). Edwin L. Drake drilled the world’s first oil well in 1859 and launched the petroleum industry. Bach then†¦show more content†¦Maybe if they did a payment schedule on buying them rather than leasing it would attract even more people. Solar panels take up a lot of space but they don’t need to. You can put PV on your roof, the roof of your business, garages, covered bridges and tunnels. If you decided not to do any of these the entire U.S. could be powered by using 4/10 of one percent of U.S. land (http://www.geokingsolar.com/faq_pv.html#Q50). This is mainly because the technology has improved so much. There is still the issue of places that don’t get a lot of sunlight, such as Alaska where it is dark half of the year. I’m sure in the years to come we will find a way to either use our existing power lines or create new ones to allow us to power areas that get less light with those that get more sunlight. Wind turbines require a lot of space and a lot of turbines to produce power but who says they have to be on land. Horns Rev 1 located in Denmark is one of the world’s largest off shore wind farms. â€Å"Biologists compared a recent survey of fish at Horns Rev 1 with an 8-year-old study conducted prior to construction of the 160-megawatt installation, and found most to be thriving. Some species actually increased in number.† (Bob Petz). They have found that the turbines steadied by rocks create a reef like haven and have created a more diverse biome. Wind turbines also require wind which some areas don’t get a lot of. You needShow MoreRelated Hydropower as an Alternative Energy Source Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesHydropower as an Alternative Energy Source Water provides a very valuable resource. We use dams built to run water through turbines and produce electricity. There are many advantages and disadvantages to hydropower, though there are more advantages. It is reasonable inexpensive to maintain, and is a clean source. 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Case Study of Clipper Bay Tourism System

Question: Discuss about theTourism Systemfor Case Study of Clipper Bay. Answer: Introduction: Clipper Bay is a small place located at the tip of a peninsula. The economy of the town is based on the abundant supply from the marine life by the means of fishing and other related businesses. The town has a unique feature of the presence of limestone caves with numerous rocks forming pools inside. The land is unfertile and does not support any agriculture and thus, the economic activity remains confined within the tourism activity only (Phua, Berkowitz Gagermeier, 2012). The coastal roads and a highway built across the road presents an inland accessibility to reach the nearby hills. This facilitates the connection between the land, sea and the hills. In fact, recent approaches towards building better roads and communication networks will increase the opportunity of accessibility to different locations. The region also has its unique cuisine to offer to people visiting the place. The food items are basically confined to fish and other sea foods. The women folk are not only highly skilled in cooking but in weaving as well (Henderson, 2014). Each summer, people mark the time as the beginning of fishing season. This festival is characterised by the customary and heritage linked religious and cultural rituals accompanies by a one week long feast. These are some of the important features that can be regarded as important features to attract tourists to the region. The aim of the report is to develop the economy of the place in a sustainable manner by understanding the socio-cultural and the environmental elements of the region. The aim of the report is to find the best possible way to create an economic activity for the particular region on the budget give for the improvement of Clipper Bay. Suitable Economic Activity for Clipper Bay: In order to boost the economy of the region, tourism can be the best possible option for the particular region. In the view point of Fodness, (2016), tourism depends on a number of factors that influences the particular region. These factors include location of the place, climate of the region, availability of a number of resources like food and water. It can be said that Clipper Bay is an ideal region for tourism because some of the beneficial factors that support the tourism activities are available in the particular region. The region is populated with local people of the region who can act as good guide for the tourists (Hardy et al., 2014). In fact, the people of the region celebrate unique festivals that could be one more reason to attract tourist at that particular time. In addition to these facts, it has been found that the region has infertile soil that does not support any kind of vegetation or farming activity. Therefore, it is suggested that tourism activity is the best s uitable activity of this region. Sustainability Approach of Tourism: Idea of tourism is no longer confined to visiting places and enjoying the moment, but tourism has become an important means of evaluating places (Lee, 2013). Sustainability is one of the major approaches that have been gaining importance in shaping the economy of a region. Sustainable tourism is the concept of visiting a place and creating a positive impact on the environment and the economy. Tourism activities have been greatly influenced by the sustainability approach of the environment. Therefore, any activity carried on keeping this perspective in mind will help to prosper the economy. Idea of developing ecotourism: Ecotourism can be developed at Clipper Bay. As stated by Edgell Sr, (2016), that ecological issues have been integrated in the tourism activities. Tourism related areas that are near nature have greater scope of developing ecotourism activities. As it has been observed that Clipper Bay is located at a confluence of sea and mountain, there is a great scope of developing ecotourism at Clipper Bay. Coastal and Mountain sustainable tourism: As pointed out by Waligo, Clarke Hawkins, (2013), coastal environment are often first to experience detrimental effect in the environment. Therefore, it is important to invest into tourism activities to make sustainable approach. Mountain tourism attracts many mountaineers. Places like Mount Everest in Nepal, Tibet are famous because of the presence of mountain there. Mountain tourism is the primary activity of these regions (Ta?nase et al., 2013). Comparative Advantage of the Place: Fletcher et al. (2013) stated that it is by the use of competitiveness and the availability of certain resources at a particular region, a level of competitive advantage becomes evident. Competitive advantage of tourism of a place depends on the availability of resources, quality of infrastructure and the ability of the place to deal with sustainability. Some factors that add comparative advantage to Clipper Bay can be discussed here: Availability of labour: It has been observed that the people at Clipper Bay are not engaged in any kind of other forms of economic activities. In fact, three generations of people are depended on the regular activities that are carried on in the region (Mason, 2015). Therefore, there is a good scope of the availability of labour for tourism activities at Clipper Bay. The tourism activity is definitely going to improve the local ob opportunity and economic condition of the people in the region. Easy access to the available resources: Basic resources required for attracting tourists makes the tourism activity easy for the particular place. As pointed out by Korstanje, (2014), that tourism is developed in those places where there is the availability of scenic beauty. Other resources like food or water are also available that would supply the necessary things to the visitors or tourists. The region has an abundant supply of marine products like fish and other sea food items that can meet the food expectation level of the people easily (Szytniewski, Spierings van der Velde, 2016). Availability of natural attractions: It is been found that Clipper Bay has the location where both sea and mountain are available. Therefore, the region can attract tourists of both the categories who like to visit the mountain or the sea (Board, 2013). These are the major attractive things that this place has this could be the best possible reason to gain comparative advantage over other regions. Economic Aspect of Tourism: Economic advantage of tourism activities: Tourism can bring great advantage to the economy of a region. Tourism gives job opportunities to the people of the place and thus, provides a significant generation of income to the economy of the country. In addition to this, tourism also increases the business activities of the local hotels, shops and restaurants as well. Henderson, (2014) pointed out that tourism gives an opportunity to the particular region to show itself and increase the profile of the particular place. Therefore, the place becomes evident globally that can attract more tourists to the particular region. Another important advantage of tourism has been pointed out by Board, (2014), that if the particular place is liked by the visitors, then it is seen that they praise about the place that automatically increases the popularity of the place and increases the tourism activity of the place. Economic disadvantage of tourism: Tourism activities also show a number of disadvantages as well. Te most common detrimental effect of tourism is the damage that is caused due to increased level of pollution. Ill behaves activities of tourists cause major damage to nature and the place. It might also result in damage of heritage and culture of the region. An important thing has been pointed out by Getz (2013), that tourism is mainly seasonal and does not support a constant flow of economy for the region. Sometimes, the money earned from the tourism activities is ultimately used to improve the situation for more tourists. Thus, there does not remain any kind of balance to be served for the benefits of the country or the region (Warnick, Bojanic Cartier, 2016). Again, the hotels and restaurants that are owned by foreign companies when benefitted do not add any kind of advantage to the economy of the country. Multiplier effect theory: According to the multiplier theory, with the injection of new demand in the circular flow of business activities, the economy of the particular places shows a multiplier effect. By the multiplier effect it means to create extra income. This income will perhaps boost the spending capability of an individual. Again, it has been pointed out that someones spending is actually the income of other (Webster Ivanov, 2014). Multiplier effect in open economy is higher. A part of the marginal propensity is usually deposited to the government as well. This concept is used in any situation where something new is injected in the industry (Dincer, Dincer Ustaoglu, 2015). It has been observed that a budget of $50 million has been provided for revitalization of the local economy at Clipper Bay. Therefore, it is expected that with the budget provided for the improvement of the locality, it shall bring prosperity to the place. Another important point can be mentioned here that the place does not depend on any particular season or time and thus, it opens the opportunity for tourism throughout the entire year of time. Therefore, there is a great opportunity of regular flow of income that will ultimately help in prosperity of the economy of the place. Balance of payment: Balance of payment is the record of the economic transaction between the residents of the country and rest of the world. As stated by Jules-Rosette, (2013), these transactions are made by individuals, business firms or government bodies. Balance of payment actually provides detailed information of the demand and supply of the currency of the particular country. It is expected that if the complete tourism activity is carried on keeping the needs and the demands of the people, there is a good return of the payment (Boley, Magnini Tuten, 2013). It can be estimated that at least the return of the balance will be double of the investment. Advantage of increased employment: With the increasing aspect of the tourism activities at the particular region of Clipper Bay, it can be assumed that the existing people will participate in the tourism activities that will automatically increase the employment opportunity of the people in that region. With the increase in the employment opportunity, there will be increase in the GDP of the country. Another important factor has been pointed out by Warnick, Bojanic and Cartier, (2016), that when people from other countries having greater denomination value spends in countries that does not have higher value of money, then the host country gets benefitted from the value of money. Therefore, if people spend in dollars and euros then the value of return automatically increases by many folds (Getz, 2013). Impact of FDI and entrepreneurship: There should be the scope and opportunity for foreign direct investment into the tourism activity at the Clipper Bay. When a certain amount of investment is allocated to the particular region for further improvement in the activity, there lays greater possibility of betterment in the situation. In fact, there are many cases when major business men take the opportunity of carrying out entrepreneurship by considering tourism as a means of business activity (Dincer, Dincer Ustaoglu, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that some part of the tourism activities can be considered as a part of entrepreneurship. This way, in order to increase the profitability of the business, the business person will focus on the business and the process will be conducted in a more profitable manner. Analysis of Socio-Cultural Aspect of Tourism: Advantage and disadvantage of socio-cultural aspect of tourism: As opined by Ta?nase et al. (2013), that at times tourism activities turn the local culture into commoditisation that results in reconstruction of ethnicity of the region. It has been observed that Clipper Bay has a group of ethnic people who have their own identity. In case, if the region is turned into a tourism spot, there is a great possibility that the region will lost its relevance. Preservation of heritage: Sustainability approach of tourism also requires preservation of the heritage. It is important to preserve the heritage of the place by taking care of the monuments and other things that are available in the particular region (Fletcher et al., 2013). Generation of interest in local art and craft: There are no such evidences of local art and craft in the region of Clipper Bay. The region is has a good infrastructure of natural beauty that can attract tourists to this place. Cross-cultural impact: It has been observed that the region is populated with people belonging to cross culture. This factor promotes diversity in the region and attracts more tourists from different parts of the world (Szytniewski, Spierings van der Velde, 2016). Therefore, there is a better chance of better tourism activities in the region. Cross cultural impact as attracted man tourists from many regions of the world. Singapore is a place of tourist hub where tourists from different parts of the world like China, India, US and other European countries as well (Warnick, Bojanic and Cartier, 2016). Therefore, there is a better opportunity for the Clipper Bay to attract more tourists. Demonstration effect: An individuals effect on behaviour that is caused by the action and observation of the behaviour of an individual. When a person goes for tourism, the person experiences a number of activities (Ta?nase et al., 2013). These effects often result in the demonstration of various factors of that region. These factors might include the governmental policies or other success or failure of the place. Conclusion: It has been observed that ecotourism can stimulate economic development and social welfare of the citizens as well as the region. In order to develop a community based tourism, local employment and diversification of the economic activities of the people in the region is needed. Again, with the involvement of FDI and entrepreneurship the scope of tourism can be increased. It has been observed that the place has a natural beauty of both sea and mountain. Therefore, the region can attract more number of people. The multiplier effect of tourism has showed evidence that the investment made on the tourism activities on the Clipper Bay is sure to multiply its income and increase the profitability of the region. It has been suggested that the tourism activity should follow the sustainability of environment and the region. It is very important to preserve the nature and the natural resources that are available at the place. Profitability should not be the only means of tourism but there should be some aspect of keeping the environment safe. There are a number of comparative advantages that the region has that is helpful for creating a better environment for the purpose of tourism. It now depends on the people of the place to take advantage of the available resources and improve the tourism activities of the place. Reference List: Board, S. T. (2013). Annual report on tourism statistics 2012. Board, S. T. (2014). International Visitor Arrivals Statistics. Boley, B. B., Magnini, V. P., Tuten, T. L. (2013). Social media picture posting and souvenir purchasing behavior: Some initial findings.Tourism Management,37, 27-30. Dincer, M. Z., Dincer, F. I., Ustaoglu, M. (2015). Reel Effective Exchange Rate Volatilities Impact on Tourism Sector in Turkey: An Empirical Analysis of 2003-2014.Procedia Economics and Finance,23, 1000-1008. Edgell Sr, D. L. (2016).Managing sustainable tourism: a legacy for the future. Routledge. Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D., Wanhill, S. (2013).Tourism: principles and practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Fodness, D. (2016). The problematic nature of sustainable tourism: some implications for planners and managers.Current Issues in Tourism, 1-13. Getz, D. (2013).Event tourism: concepts, international case studies, and research. Cognizant Communication Corporation. Hardy, A., Pearson, L., Davidson, P., Kriwoken, L. (2014). Social Analysis of Sustainable Tourism Development as a Contributor to the Economic Development of Tasmania. Henderson, J. C. (2014). Tourism and development in Singapore.Tourism as an Instrument for Development, 169-181. Jules-Rosette, B. (2013).The messages of tourist art: An African semiotic system in comparative perspective(Vol. 4). Springer Science Business Media. Korstanje, M. E. (2014). Alternative Tourism: Socio-Cultural Impacts. Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development.Tourism Management,34, 37-46. Mason, P. (2015).Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge. Phua, V. C., Berkowitz, D., Gagermeier, M. (2012). Promoting multicultural tourism in Singapore.Annals of Tourism Research,39(2), 1255-1257. Szytniewski, B. B., Spierings, B., van der Velde, M. (2016). Socio-cultural proximity, daily life and shopping tourism in the DutchGerman border region.Tourism Geographies, 1-15. Ta?nase, M. O., Nicodim, L., Talaba?, I., Haller, A. P., Gatan, D., Ungureanu, D. (2013). Socio-cultural impacts of tourism. In15th International Conference" Romanian rural tourism in the context of sustainable development: present and prospects", Vatra Dornei, Romania, 23-25 May 2013.(pp. 92-96). "Gh. Zane" Institute of Economic and Social Research, Ias?i Branch of Romanian Academy. Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J., Hawkins, R. (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework.Tourism Management,36, 342-353. Warnick, R. B., Bojanic, D. C., Cartier, E. (2016). A Comparison of Economic Impact Measurement Techniques for a Tourism Special Event.Journal of Travel Research, 0047287516643412. Webster, C., Ivanov, S. (2014). Transforming competitiveness into economic benefits: Does tourism stimulate economic growth in more competitive destinations?.Tourism Management,40, 137-140.

Veteran interview Essay Example For Students

Veteran interview Essay Veteran interview Essay My grandfather, Larry, served in WWII. He enlisted and stationed at Camp Polk. He went through places like New Guinea and the Philippines during the war. When I asked him if he experienced any combat he said; yes, I experienced some combat. But most of the time I spent in combat was in a tank. Not too much action there. A typical day in my grandfathers life at the time was to wake up at the crack of dawn and get ready for a full day of combat, well at least for the ground troops that didnt have a tank to be protected by. Of course for him, driving a tank was easier then being a ground troop. So that made things a little easier. He told me every day the main thing he did, and I quote, kep my head low. Anything could be expected. We will write a custom essay on Veteran interview specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At Camp Polk him and some other troops had a idea to set up a trap to alert them if the enemy tried to get into their base camp at night. They would set up grenades filled with half the explosive powder needed for a full blast, and they would bury them around the perimeter of their camp with their pins tied together by trip wire. Once the enemy would set foot in that perimeter and tripped the trip wire it would pull the pins to almost all the grenades. But the grenades didnt go off right away so the jap that snuck in would just think he tripped on a branch or something. Until the grenades would finally go off and alert the camp to catch the intruder. Thats if the grenades didnt catch him before they did. Yep, I would be dozing off to sleep when a critter or a swift breeze would set those damn things off and wake me up again. Then youre stuck setting them all up for the rest of the night. The thing that stuck out most in my grandfather mind he said was; looking forward to go home. The war got tough in many ways and situations which made my him wish he was home with his family again. I asked him if he thought about the war very often now and he said; so so. Not alot. Glad its over. When I asked him if he lost any friends or people he served with in the war he said that he lost some friends in combat but he didnt talk much about that. He carried his sacred heart metal with him everywhere he went. He would pray for the war to end at night before he fell asleep. The friends he made in war are either dead or he no longer keeps in touch with them at all. There wasnt much said about his worst and best experiences in the war. All he said on that was to keep alert and stay alive. The war did not change him. My grandfather was received with lots of love. He was going to go to Japan but he ended up going home early. He was in Minilla on V-J Day, the day the war ended. This was a victory day celebration. I asked him if he had been scarred either emotionally or physically from serving in the war and he said; yes, both especially when you get surrounded. One time he told me that he opened the top hatch to his tank to see if the cost was clear. There ended up being a jap hiding in a tree above him and he caught him at the corner of his eye tring to drop a grenade in with him. So my grandfather quickly slammed the door shut and listened to the explosion of the grenade followed by the jap falling out of the tree and hitting the top of the tank with a loud thud. And after all. Yes, he did believe in the war he was fighting for. .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 , .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .postImageUrl , .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 , .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6:hover , .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6:visited , .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6:active { border:0!important; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6:active , .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6 .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf29802faa6ddd7897d167a048bc5da6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drugs and alcohol abuse have become a major Essay Words / Pages : 688 / 24 . Veteran interview Essay Example For Students Veteran interview Essay Veteran interview Essay My grandfather, Larry, served in WWII. He enlisted and stationed at Camp Polk. He went through places like New Guinea and the Philippines during the war. When I asked him if he experienced any combat he said; yes, I experienced some combat. But most of the time I spent in combat was in a tank. Not too much action there. A typical day in my grandfathers life at the time was to wake up at the crack of dawn and get ready for a full day of combat, well at least for the ground troops that didnt have a tank to be protected by. Of course for him, driving a tank was easier then being a ground troop. So that made things a little easier. He told me every day the main thing he did, and I quote, kep my head low. Anything could be expected. We will write a custom essay on Veteran interview specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At Camp Polk him and some other troops had a idea to set up a trap to alert them if the enemy tried to get into their base camp at night. They would set up grenades filled with half the explosive powder needed for a full blast, and they would bury them around the perimeter of their camp with their pins tied together by trip wire. Once the enemy would set foot in that perimeter and tripped the trip wire it would pull the pins to almost all the grenades. But the grenades didnt go off right away so the jap that snuck in would just think he tripped on a branch or something. Until the grenades would finally go off and alert the camp to catch the intruder. Thats if the grenades didnt catch him before they did. Yep, I would be dozing off to sleep when a critter or a swift breeze would set those damn things off and wake me up again. Then youre stuck setting them all up for the rest of the night. The thing that stuck out most in my grandfather mind he said was; looking forward to go home. The war got tough in many ways and situations which made my him wish he was home with his family again. I asked him if he thought about the war very often now and he said; so so. Not alot. Glad its over. When I asked him if he lost any friends or people he served with in the war he said that he lost some friends in combat but he didnt talk much about that. He carried his sacred heart metal with him everywhere he went. He would pray for the war to end at night before he fell asleep. The friends he made in war are either dead or he no longer keeps in touch with them at all. There wasnt much said about his worst and best experiences in the war. All he said on that was to keep alert and stay alive. The war did not change him. My grandfather was received with lots of love. He was going to go to Japan but he ended up going home early. He was in Minilla on V-J Day, the day the war ended. This was a victory day celebration. I asked him if he had been scarred either emotionally or physically from serving in the war and he said; yes, both especially when you get surrounded. One time he told me that he opened the top hatch to his tank to see if the cost was clear. There ended up being a jap hiding in a tree above him and he caught him at the corner of his eye tring to drop a grenade in with him. So my grandfather quickly slammed the door shut and listened to the explosion of the grenade followed by the jap falling out of the tree and hitting the top of the tank with a loud thud. And after all. Yes, he did believe in the war he was fighting for. .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 , .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .postImageUrl , .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 , .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711:hover , .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711:visited , .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711:active { border:0!important; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711:active , .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711 .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac75903108bb8ea4fa628c6af8ac7711:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Same Sex Marriages Essay . Veteran interview Essay Example For Students Veteran interview Essay Veteran interview Essay My grandfather, Larry, served in WWII. He enlisted and stationed at Camp Polk. He went through places like New Guinea and the Philippines during the war. When I asked him if he experienced any combat he said; yes, I experienced some combat. But most of the time I spent in combat was in a tank. Not too much action there. A typical day in my grandfathers life at the time was to wake up at the crack of dawn and get ready for a full day of combat, well at least for the ground troops that didnt have a tank to be protected by. Of course for him, driving a tank was easier then being a ground troop. So that made things a little easier. He told me every day the main thing he did, and I quote, kep my head low. Anything could be expected. We will write a custom essay on Veteran interview specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At Camp Polk him and some other troops had a idea to set up a trap to alert them if the enemy tried to get into their base camp at night. They would set up grenades filled with half the explosive powder needed for a full blast, and they would bury them around the perimeter of their camp with their pins tied together by trip wire. Once the enemy would set foot in that perimeter and tripped the trip wire it would pull the pins to almost all the grenades. But the grenades didnt go off right away so the jap that snuck in would just think he tripped on a branch or something. Until the grenades would finally go off and alert the camp to catch the intruder. Thats if the grenades didnt catch him before they did. Yep, I would be dozing off to sleep when a critter or a swift breeze would set those damn things off and wake me up again. Then youre stuck setting them all up for the rest of the night. The thing that stuck out most in my grandfather mind he said was; looking forward to go home. The war got tough in many ways and situations which made my him wish he was home with his family again. I asked him if he thought about the war very often now and he said; so so. Not alot. Glad its over. When I asked him if he lost any friends or people he served with in the war he said that he lost some friends in combat but he didnt talk much about that. He carried his sacred heart metal with him everywhere he went. He would pray for the war to end at night before he fell asleep. The friends he made in war are either dead or he no longer keeps in touch with them at all. There wasnt much said about his worst and best experiences in the war. All he said on that was to keep alert and stay alive. The war did not change him. My grandfather was received with lots of love. He was going to go to Japan but he ended up going home early. He was in Minilla on V-J Day, the day the war ended. This was a victory day celebration. I asked him if he had been scarred either emotionally or physically from serving in the war and he said; yes, both especially when you get surrounded. One time he told me that he opened the top hatch to his tank to see if the cost was clear. There ended up being a jap hiding in a tree above him and he caught him at the corner of his eye tring to drop a grenade in with him. So my grandfather quickly slammed the door shut and listened to the explosion of the grenade followed by the jap falling out of the tree and hitting the top of the tank with a loud thud. And after all. Yes, he did believe in the war he was fighting for. .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 , .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .postImageUrl , .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 , .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151:hover , .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151:visited , .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151:active { border:0!important; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151:active , .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151 .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f620b5e348d5ac08b38dea235c2e151:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kindergarten Education Essay .

Calpurnia essays

Calpurnia essays Calpurnia acts like shes the mother of Scout and Jem. Not only does she cook and clean for the Finchs, she also disciplines, advises, and takes care of all Jems and Scouts needs. Cal is an extremely well educated black woman who lives in two very opposite worlds. In one world she is the mother of two white children and she speaks like them. In her other world shes with other blacks, going to church with them, and acting and talking like other blacks. Calpurnia is like a Ying-Yang symbol because she lives two opposite lives, and a little part of each life is within the other one. ...

The Possibility of Investing in a Developing Country Essay

The Possibility of Investing in a Developing Country - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the combination of the latter two factors is actually what brings out the beauty of doing business in country B. Rarely is it possible to find that an investment idea that is both cheap and popular. However, choosing to take one’s business to developing nations is likely to change all of this in one instant. (Vernon, 2001) Research conducted earlier this year in Europe indicated that close to forty six percent of investors are choosing to take their businesses to emerging markets. What this means for the company is that there will be substantial levels of capital getting into such an economy thus reflecting on the overall returns obtained there. In 2008, it was asserted that percentage returns from emerging economies approximated to about fifteen percent. One the other hand, the level of returns from developed nations was eleven point one percent. Consequently, this company will be at a better footing if they chose to invest in country B which is an emerging economy. From this paper it is clear that some experts may argue that launching one’s services or products into a lucrative area is always a risky thing to do because one can never be sure when investment costs will go up or down. Consequently, it is always advisable to be cautious. However, projections made about developing countries have indicated that prices are likely to remain positive and that returns will still be higher in developing nations rather than in developed ones.

Post traumatic stress disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Post traumatic stress disorder - Research Paper Example The first public alert on the disorder was from the war veterans (Mueser, Rosenberg & Rosenberg, 2009). They spent so much time away from home, and when they came back home, they had persistent flashbacks. The flashbacks caused them to feel threatened wherever they were and could not trust anyone with their lives. Over the years, the disorder has recorded a rise and it has become a socio-cultural problem. The traumatic experiences like terrorist attacks, earthquakes, floods, kidnappings, rape, child abuse, and many others have contributed to more victims suffering from the disorder (Cash, 2006). Statistics has shown that very soon the disorder may be one of the major public health concerns (Cash, 2006). Changes in the methods of treatment are therefore necessary to curb the growing menace. Over the years, the method used for the treatment of PTDS is only focused on the short-term treatment of the disease (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). The formulation has not characterized the significant symptoms seen on the victims who have suffered prolonged mental afflictions. They are mainly attributed to repeated domestic or sexual abuse together with political torture. A substitute diagnostic formulation â€Å"complex PTSD† should replace the method of treatment. This treatment will ensure that multiple symptoms are treated, and it will deal with the long-term effect of the disease on the individual for them to heal completely (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). The current PTDS deals only with the treatment of single acute trauma and leaves out the bigger picture caused by multiple sources of trauma (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). Judith Herman, a professor of psychology at the Harvard, was the first person to propose this treatment. Her book â€Å"Trauma and Recovery† accurately spells out how the treatment should be carried out using the â€Å"complex PTDS†. Most of the clinicians have been of the

Wannabe Bank Robber Essay Example for Free

Wannabe Bank Robber Essay I was randomly placed in a group with five other people in my drama class; we were given several stimuli and were told to think up an improvisation for each. We did so and were then told witch of the stimuli we would actually be working on. We then decided that we would create a comedy about an unfortunate bank robber. The comedy started with the lead character Victor Watt (Tom) standing centre stage in a white spotlight telling how, if the job had gone to plan, he would be rich Victor then exits up stage right. I, who was standing behind Victor, turns round and raises my hands then lowers them while wiggling my fingers and making the noise bidlyboop repetitively to comically signify going into the fantasy flashback, the stage then fades to black. The music (Little Green Bag from Reservoir Dogs) and lights come up on a fantasy scene in which Victors job goes exactly to plan and more. (The lights in this scene are more yellow to the side of the stage on which the bank is. ) As he walks in three ladies (Julie, Stacy Claire) look him up and down and he turns to the audience and winks. He waltzes into the bank (up stage left) winks at the female bank clerk (Kim) and receives his big bag of loot. He walks out (centre stage) and is intercepted by a police officer (Me) that thinks hes Clint Eastwood. The music stops and the police officer makes the tune from The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, Victor looks the police officer up and down and asks what the hell hes doing. The police officer responds to this by charging at Victor who cunningly side steps to evade his attack, this sends the police officer into an overly elaborate frenzy of a fall. After the deranged policeman is left face down half way down the street, Victor picks up two of the three ladies that flirted with him before he entered the bank leaving one (Julie). This last lady walks over to the face down police officer takes a look at him in disgust then continues to smoke. At this moment Victor looks back and whistles to this remaining female, all in a fluster she stubs out her cigarette on the police officers back and runs off to Victor who gentlemanly lets her leave first as he caches a gander at her rear. The music stops and again I stand centre stage and make the same action to signify returning to the present then the scene fades to black. The lights come up on Victor Watt who again is standing centre stage but this time explains that things never relay go to plan especially if the plan is his and that the next thing you are to see is what relay happened. He exits up stage right, I who again was standing behind Vic with my back to the audience turn round and make the same gesture this time to signify going into the real flashback. The lights go down. The lights come up on the same flashback scene minus the music. Victor walks in with a ripped old jacket over his hand and looking much less virile. Instead of women falling at his feet he is falling over his feet. The ladies take one look at him and blow a lung full of smoke in his face. He turns to the audience and rubs his bloodshot eyes. He stumbles as he puts his hand out to open the front door to the bank but manages to catch the handle, pull himself up (this was done planed in mime but was not acted out in the final performance) then open the door. He stagers into the bank and over to the bank clerk. When he removes his jacket he reveals the gun he was hiding, he points it with an extremely unsteady hand at the clerk. He then tells her, with an even more unsteady voice, to give him all the money. She turns round and presses the alarm. Victor panics and attempts to shot the gun but pulls the wrong trigger, the revolver opens and bullets fall out onto the floor. He runs for the door but the police sirens are already right outside the bank. A voice comes as if from nowhere and says, This is the police, come out with your hands up! then the scene fades to black. The lights come back up on Victor standing in a spotlight with his head hug. He looks up and states that that was his story but not to worry he make his fortune yet. There is then an unseen voice that says, Come on Victor, visitor times over. A large man dressed as a jail guard steps into the spotlight in front of Victor, with his back to the audience he turns Victor round and puts on his handcuffs, he then roughly pushes him out of the spotlight and follows him closely baton in hand. The scene then fades to black and the curtains close. I think our play was fairly well written and fairly well performed but it could have been better if we had a better set and props. To add a conclusion I am over all pleased with the outcome of Wannabe Bank Robber. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Global Warming and the Kyoto Treaty Essay -- Climate Change and the Ky

According to David Easterling, principal scientist at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. in twenty years the United States has had thirty seven weather related catastrophes each with damages exceeding one billion dollars (Levin 1). A country as wealthy as the United States can afford to pay thirty seven billion dollars in twenty years, assuming of course that the weather related disasters only cost one billion dollars each. Unfortunately, the weather does not work that way. Hurricane Katrina alone may have cost one hundred billion dollars (Tucker 13). What could be causing these devastating storms? Many atmospheric scientists like Kerry Emanuel believe that global warming is the cause of the increased ferocity of the hurricanes (Nash 38). With the polar temperatures increasing the icecaps are melting. Without the ice to reflect the sun's light, the water absorbs the heat. This creates a vicious cycle. The ocean levels rise with their temperatures. Hurricane Katrina was only a category one hurricane when it crossed Florida. However, when it reached the newly warmed Gulf waters, hurricane Katrina ballooned into a mind-blowing category five hurricane that destroyed the gulf region (McKibben, Year One 30). The melting of the polar icecaps has long been believed to be caused by global warming. Until recently, the cause of global warming itself has largely been up for debate. Now atmospheric scientists attribute global warming to increased greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the earth's atmosphere (Greenstone 323). With the knowledge that carbon dioxide causes global warming countries can start taking actions to prevent future global warming. The United States alone produces twenty four percent of the world... ... 166 Issue 1 (2004): 10-12. Phelps, Megan. "More Action, Less Hot Air." The Mother Earth News Vol. 210 (2005): 30. Stenger, Richard. "Man on the Moon: Kennedy Speech Ignited the Dream." CNN.Com. 25 May 2001. Time Warner. 30 Nov. 2013 . Sunstein, Cass R. "It's Only $300 Billion If We Can Fund the War in Iraq, Why Can't We Fund the Kyoto Protocol?" The Washington Post 10 May 2006. 12 Nov. 2013 . Tucker, Patrick. "The Rising Costs of Global Warming." The Futurist Vol.39 Issue 6 (2005): 13. "Warming Trends What Global Climate Changes Could Mean for Wisconsin." Wisconsin Natural Resources 12 Nov. 2006. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 12 Nov. 2013 .

Final Project of Fin619

[pic] Pass Dear Student you are declared PASS in your written work. Start preparing for presentation & viva voce and improve your work according to the given instructions and guidelines available at VULMS of your course under the icon DOWNLOADS after clicking COURSE WEBSITE at VULMS. Also read lesson # 7 of this course in this for effective preparation of your presentation slides. For any course related query and information, you can contact us via MDB, Email ([email  protected] edu. pk) and telephone (92 (42) 111 880 880 (Extension: 8851 or 3941). RATIO ANALYSIS OFASKARI BANK, UNITED BANK AND BANK ALFALAH FOR THE YEARS 2009, 2010, 2011 A PROPOSAL FOR REPORT TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY OF PAKISTAN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA-Exec) Submitted By: AAMIR SHAHZAD MC100403644 MBA-Exec (Finance) SUBMISSION DATE: 02-02-2013 Virtual University of Pakistan Letter of Undert aking Job confirmation letter [pic] Dedication I would like to dedicate this project to My parents My Wife & My Kids Ashar Ali & Mubashar Ali AcknowledgementAll my efforts for my MBA and this Project would have been nothing with out the help and grace of Almighty Allah and I am always Gratified to Blessings of Allah. More than anybody else, I would like to acknowledge my uncle Mr. Ashfaq Ali Tabassam for his never ending support. He always guided me whenever I felt stuck off and his encouragement always worked as moral booster for me. I would like to extend my special thanks to my friend Mr. Aamir who advised me time to time and provided me technical assistance. I am highly indebted to my boss in my organization Mr.Muzaffar Ali who spared me and gave me ample time, out of my professional commitments, to go all out for my MBA from Virtual University of Pakistan. Executive Summary The purpose of this report titled â€Å"RATIO ANALYSIS OF ASKARI BANK, UNITED BANK AND BANK ALFALAH FOR THE YEARS 2009, 2010, 2011†is to investigate the financial performance of these banks during the mentioned period. The first chapter of this report deals with introduction of project and banks under study, financial period under consideration, objectives and significance of the project. The second part is about data processing and analysis.The fourth chapter is about calculation of different ratios its comparison and interpretation. In last chapter conclusions and recommendations have been given. The data for the study is collected from financial repots of the banks which are available on theirs respective websites. The financial reports included the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statements. As regards to finding of study, the Net Profit Margin ratio of Askari and bank Alfalah is low as compare to UBL. UBL is also on top in gross spread ratio, return on equity, debt ratio and Advance/Deposit ratio.While Askari Bank has better cash flow ratio and Price/Earning r atio. It is recommended for Bank Alfalah and Askari bank to cut down their non markup expenses to improve their Net Profit Margin Ratio while, on the other hand their turnover is satisfactory. UBL and Alfalah should decrease their current liabilities and ensure the availability of more liquidity to meet short term debts. Askari bank and bank Alfalah both banks need to adopt measures to cut down their interest expenses in order to increase their gross spread ratio.In order to increase non interest income Askari and Alfalah needs to increase their earnings through fees, commissions and other advisory charges etc. In Advance/Deposit ratio Askari bank and Alfalah should have to utilize their deposits in more projects either through corporate financing or general public financing. Table of Contents Section I Chapter 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 â⠂¬ ¢ 1. 1 Introduction of the project †¢ 1. 2 Banks Introduction †¢ 1. 4 Period Under Consideration †¢ 1. 5 Objectives †¢ 1. 6 Significance Chapter 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 †¢ 2. 1 Data Collection 2. 2 Data Processing and Analysis Chapter 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 †¢ 3. 1 Net Profit Margin †¢ 3. 2 Operating cash flow ratio †¢ 3. 3 Gross Spread ratio †¢ 3. 4 Non-interest income to total income ratio †¢ 3. 5 Spread ratio †¢ 3. 6 Advances/deposit ratio †¢ 3. 7 Return on total equity (ROE) †¢ 3. 8 Debt ratio †¢ 3. 9 Debt/Equity ratio †¢ 3. 10 Price/Earning ratio Chapter 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 †¢ 4. 1 Conclusions †¢ 4. 2 Recommendations Section I †¢ a) Student Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦29 †¢ b) Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 Section IChapter 1 1. Project Introduction The financial ratio analysis techniques referred to in this aid could be useful to analyze any company financial performance. This study is also going to investigate the financial performance of three mentioned banks e. g. Askari bank, united bank and Bank Alfalah. These banks are surveying in the Pakistani Market and are competitors each other. Hence this study is going to find out which bank has strong financial position over other two banks. With the h elp of financial ratio analysis we can analyze the financial position of any company.Many stakeholders, investors, creditors may analyze any company, firms financial position with the help of ratio analysis before taking any important decision regarding to investments or any other. Therefore financial ratio is a mathematical correlation among several numbers often stated in the form of percentage, times, or days. 1. 2 Banks Introduction Askari Bank was incorporated in Pakistan on October 9, 1991, as a public limited company. It commenced operation on April 1, 1992, and is principally engaged in the business of banking, as defined in the Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962.The Bank is listed on Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad Stock Exchanges. Since inception, the bank has concentrated on growth through improving service quality, investment in technology and people, utilizing its extensive branch network which includes Islamic and Agricultural banking. United Bank Limited (UBL) was incorp orated in Pakistan on November 7th 1959. In 1963 the bank opened its first overseas branch in London, United Kingdom. In 1971 the UBL was nationalized by the Government. In 2002, the Government of Pakistan sold it in an open auction to a consortium of Abu Dhabi Group and Bestway.Currently UBL is one of the largest commercial banks in Pakistan having more than 1,220 online branches inside the country. Its 15 branches outside the country are in the United States of America, Qatar, UAE, Bahrain, and Republic of Yemen. It also has representative offices in Tehran (Iran), and Almaty (Kazakhstan). It owns subsidiaries in the UK (United National Bank Limited), and in Zurich (Switzerland). Bank Alfalah Limited was incorporated on June 21st, 1992 as a public limited company under the Companies Ordinance 1984. Its banking operations commenced from 1st Nov, 1997.The Bank is currently operating through various branches in Pakistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh & Afghanistan, with the registered office a t B. A. Building, I. I. Chundrigar, Karachi. Strengthened with the banking of the Abu Dhabi Group and driven by the strategic goals set out by its board of management, the Bank has invested in revolutionary technology to have an extensive range of products and services. During the past five years, Bank Alfalah has emerged as one of the foremost financial institution in the region endeavoring to meet the needs of tomorrow today. 3. Financial Period Under-Consideration for Analysis:Financial period under consideration for analysis (2009, 2010, 2011) 4. Objectives 1. To analyze the selected banks efficiency in managing their resource for generating profit 2. To composition of capital structure of the selected banks, how much of the bank’s assets are financed through external and internal debt. 3. To find out that how effectively selected banks are maximizing their profit by controlling their interest expenses. 4. To compare the selected banks interest income with their interest expenses. 5. Are banks able to pay the current liabilities from their cash equivalents? . Significance The significance of these projects may include the following 1. The finding of this research will be more beneficial for investors, creditors, to take good decision after seeing the result of ratio. They can easily analyze the bank position through this study result. Bank Management may also study the finding of this study to determine the success or failure of particular sales, marketing as well as financing strategies. 2. At the end of this research, we will be able to get which bank is more able to pay its current liabilities from their cash equivalents. 3.The major outcomes of this research, this study will clear the concept regarding to financial ratio analysis in banking sector by applying different ratios. 4. This research may help the stakeholders to analyze financial ratios result before taking any serious decisions. 5. Financial mangers of selected banks also take advanta ges from this study to identify their bank strengths and weakness and will improve their poor areas. Chapter 2) Data Processing & Analysis 1. Data Collection Sources Study has used three banks annual reports/balance sheet, income statements, cash flow statements for data analysis and data processing.In research only secondary would be used to access the objectives which are mentioned as above. The study has used secondary sources to access the objectives of this research. The sources of this research were three banks websites. Annual reports were collected from the websites 2. Data Processing and Analysis Tools: Data was processed, analyzed and all the entry has done on excel sheet. Hence Study has used Excel sheet for data analysis and for calculation purpose. Result has been displayed on MS world in tabulation form with interpretation. Chapter 3) Data Analysis Ratio Analysis 1 Net Profit Margin SignificanceNet profit margin ratio explicit the profitability of the institution again st the revenue. It will also define the performance of the company in its operations in the market. So, shareholders assess it carefully in order to take their economic decisions. FORMULA: Net profit margin= (Net profit/ Revenue) *100 |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |9,192,687/61,107,025*100 |11,159,930/59,331,761*100 |15,499,663/70,450,475*100 | | |15. 4% |18. 81% |22. 00% | |Askari Bank |1,097,507/22,586,736*100 |943,177/27,952,162*100 |1,627,698/32,766,351*100 | | |4. 86% |3. 37% |4. 97% | |Bank Alfalah |897035/35561312 *100= |968452/37530256*100= |3503130/44298178*100= | | |2. 2% |2. 58% |7. 91% | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |15. 04 |18. 81 |22. 00 | |Askari Bank |4. 86 |3. 37 |4. 97 | |Bank Alfalah |2. 2 |2. 58 |7. 91 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of above table and graph depicts that the Net Profit Margin of all the Three banks is increasing. UBL is on the top with 15. 04% earning in the period of 2009 and increasing in the respective years with 18. 81 % in the year 2010 and 22% in 2011 which shows a positive trend which is due to the stringent control on operating expenses . While on the side, Askari bank Profit margin shows minor fluctuation with 4. 6% in the period 2009 then decreases in 2010 to 3. 37% owing to increase in non markup expenses and increases to 4. 49% in the year 2011. Profit margin of Bank Alfalah is also showing positive ness which is 2. 52% in 2009 and 2. 58% in the year 2010 and sore up to 7. 91% in 2011. 2 Operating Cash Flow Ratio Significance The ratio explains the cash flows of the bank or company which it earns by its operations and analyze it against it current liabilities to determine how well a company is in paying its debts which fall due in the financial year.FORMULA: Operation Cash Flow Ratio= Net cash generated from operating activities/ Current Liabilities |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |23,099,432/262214540= |100,070,348/369628811= |108,571,682/407621100= | | |0. 09 times |0. 27 times |0. 7 tim es | |Askari Bank |36,245,071/49327164= |35,810,016/114583064= |36,491,839/14943963= | | |0. 73 Times |0. 31 times |2. 44 times | |Bank Alfalah |19945927/350833577= |18112043/184831395= |54274913/194917015= | | |0. 06 times |0. 0 time |0. 28 time | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |0. 09 |0. 27 |0. 27 | |Askari Bank |0. 73 |0. 31 |2. 44 | |Bank Alfalah |0. 06 |0. 0 |0. 28 | [pic] Working Current Liabilities of UBL 2009 2010 2011 †¢ Bills payable (Short term) 5,147,259 5,045,815 5,879,043 †¢ Borrowings (Short term) 35,018,765 44,187,313 45,534,286 †¢ Deposits and other accounts (Short term) 209,685,205 319,797,360 340,999,875 †¢ Liabilities against assets subject to finance Lease (Short term). – – – †¢ Other liabilities (Short term) 12,363,311 369,628,811 407,621,100 †¢ Total 262,214,540 369628811 407,621,100 Working Current Liabilities of Askari Bank 009 2010 2011 †¢ Bills payable (Short term) 2,945,6703,089,9842,756,032 †¢ Borrowings (Short term) 19,300,16325,554,7772,758,043 †¢ Deposits and other accounts (Short term) 22,247,84228,646,7715,516,086 †¢ Liabilities against assets subject to finance ease (Short term). – – – †¢ Other liabilities (Short term) 4,833,48957,291,5323,913,802 †¢ Total 49,327,16411458306414,943,963 Working Current Liabilities of Bank Alfalah 2009 2010 2011 Bills payable (Short term) 3,766,144 4,521,533 5,403,453 †¢ Borrowings (Short term) 20,107,541 13,050,006 17,060,524 †¢ Deposits and other accounts (Short term) 320,249,261 161,368,880 165,257,870 †¢ Liabilities against assets subject to finance lease (Short term). 4,429 3,031 – †¢ Other liabilities (Short term) 6,706,202 5,887,945 7,195,168 †¢ Total 350,833,577184,831,395194,917,015Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph show that Operating Cash Flow of UBL is 0. 09 times in the period 2009 and 0. 27 times in the perio ds 2010 and 2011 shows consistency in respective years. While the cash flow of Askari bank is 0. 73 times in 2009 and decreases to 0. 31 times due to decline in cash generated from operating activities and increases to 2. 44 times in the year 2011 due to the decline in short term liabilities and increase in cash generation. Cash flow of Bank Alfalah is 0. 6times in the year 2009 and 0. 10 times in 2010 and 0. 28 times in the period 2011 shows increasing trend. 3 Gross Spread Ratio Significance It is being calculated by dividing the difference of interest earned and expensed by interest expensed on the deposits of the public. It will help to measure the markup income of the bank in the reporting period. FORMULA: Gross Spread Ratio = (Mark-up / return / interest earned – Mark-up / return / interest expensed) / Mark-up / return / interest earned*100 Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |61,107,025- 28,163,787= |59,331,761- 24,997,188= |70,450,475 -31,025,869= | | |32,943,238/61,107,02 5= |34,334,573/59,331,761= |39,424,606/70,450,475= | | |53. 1% |57. 87% |55. 96% | |Askari Bank |22,586,736 – 13,554,078 = |27,952,162 – 17,936,616= |32,766,351- 22,699,583= | | |9,032,658/22,586,736 = |10,015,546/27,952,162= |10,066,768/32,766,351 = 30. 72 % | | |39. 99% |35. 3 % | | |Bank Alfalah |35561312 – 24654180 =10907132/35561312 =|37530256 – 23855448= |44298178 –25687485= | | |30. 67% |13674808/37530256 = |18610693/44298178 = | | | |36. 44% |42. 01% |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |53. 91 |57. 87 |55. 96 | |Askari Bank |39. 99 |35. 83 |30. 72 | |Bank Alfalah |30. 67 |36. 44 |42. 1 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graphical representation shows the Gross Spread Ratio of UBL 53. 91% in the period 2009 and increases to 57. 87% in the period 2010 and then decreases to 55. 96% in 2011 respectively, UBL is on the top in interest earning in the market. Askari bank ratio is 39. 99% in the period 2009, 35. 8 3% and 30. 72% in the periods 2010 and 2011. While Bank Alfalah ratio is increasing from 2009 to 2011 with 30. 67%, 36. 44% and 42. 01% which is better marginally then other banks.But UBL is earning more as compare to other two banks due to better policy making and service. 4 Non-Interest Income to Total Income Ratio Significance It is other income which a bank earn from its services related to non markup sources such as advisory services and consultation provided in risk management etc. It describes the percentage of non interest income to total income of the bank or company. FORMULA: Non Mark-up / interest income to total income ratio= non mark-up / interest income / (non mark-up / interest income +Mark-up / return / interest earned)*100 Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |11,419,571/72526596= |10,090,162/69421923= |12,718,253/83168728= | | |15. 75% |14. 53% |15. 29% | |Askari Bank |2,544,415/25131151= |2,800,297/30752459= |2,902,921/35669272= | | |10. 2% |9. 11% |8. 14% | |Bank Alfal ah |5182253/40743565 = |4708161/42238417= |5367713/49665891 = | | |12. 72 % |11. 15% |10. 81% | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |15. 5 |14. 53 |15. 29 | |Askari Bank |10. 12 |9. 11 |8. 14 | |Bank Alfalah |12. 72 |11. 15 |10. 81 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows the Non Interest income of all the three banks with the highest ratio of UBL which is 15. 75% in the period 2009 and 14. 3% in the period 2010 and in 2011 is 15. 29% in comparison with Askari bank and Bank Alfalah. Askari Bank earn 10. 12% in the period 2009 and 9. 11% and 8. 14% in 2010 and 2011 which is declining. While Bank Alfalah ratios are 12. 72%, 11. 15% and 10. 81% in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 is declining respectively. So, UBL shows better ratio as compare to the other banks in all the three years. The Results shows that UBL shows fluctuation while the other banks ratios show declining trend. Working of Total income of UBL Total Income= (Non mark-up / interest income +Mark-up / return / interest earned)    |Total Income |   |   | |Non Mark-up/interest income |11,419,571 |10,090,162 |12,718,253 | |Mark-up/return/interest earned |61,107,025 |59,331,761 |70,450,475 | |Total Income = |72526596 |69421923 |83168728 | Working of Total income of Askari Bank    |Total Income |   |   | |Non Mark-up/interest income |2,544,415 |2,800,297 |2,902,921 | |Mark-up/return/interest earned |22,586,736 |27,952,162 |32,766,351 | |Total Income |25131151 |30752459 |35669272 |Working of Total Income of Bank Alfalah Total Income= (Non mark-up / interest income +Mark-up / return / interest earned) |   |Total Income |   |   | |Non Mark-up/interest income |5182253 |4708161 |5367713 |Mark-up/return/interest earned |35561312 |37530256 |44298178 | |Total Income |40743565 |42238417 |49665891 | Interpretation and comparison Interpretation is missing. 5 Spread Ratio Significance It is the ratio that describes the markup spread between income and expens e. It helps to measure how much income bank earns by incurring markup cost.Higher ratio shows more profitability through loans and investments. Formula:- Spread Ratio = Interest Earned / Interest Expensed |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |61,107,025/28,163,787= |59,331,761/24,997,188= |70,450,475/31,025,869= | | |2. 17 times |2. 37 times |2. 7 times | |Askari Bank |22,586,736/13,554,078= |27,952,162/17,936,616= |32,766,351/22,699,583= | | |1. 68 times |1. 56 times |1. 44 times | |Bank Alfalah |35561312/24654180 = |37530256/23855448= |44298178/25687485= | | |1. 44 times |1. 7 times |1. 72 times | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |2. 17 |2. 37 |2. 27 | |Askari Bank |1. 67 |1. 56 |1. 44 | |Bank Alfalah |1. 44 |1. 7 |1. 72 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows the Spread Ratio of the UBL which is highest as compare to the other two banks, is at 2. 17 times in the year 2009 and increases to 2. 37 times in the year 2010 and 2. 27 times in the year 2011, decreases the zig zag trend is due to the fluctuation in both aspects interest earn and expensed. While the ratio of Askari bank 1. 67% in the year 2009, 1. 56% in the year 2010 and 1. 4% in the year 2011 respectively. Bank Alfalah ratio shows increasing trend throughout the three years 2009 to 2011 which are as 1. 44%, 1. 57%, 1. 72% which shows better recovery of interest income from its investments 6 Advances / Deposits Ratio Significance It defines the advances banks make from the available deposits. It measures the ability of the bank in fruitful usage of money of the depositors which will increase the markup income. FORMULA: Advances / Deposits Ratio= Total Advances/ Total Deposits Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |354,091,713/492,036,103= |333,732,172/550,645,767= |325,347,208/612,980,139= | | |0. 72 times |0. 61 times |0. 53 times | |Askari Bank |135,034,499/205,970,227= |152,784,137/255,936,503= |150,710,709/291,502,993= | | |0. 6 times |0. 60 times |0. 52 times | |Bank Alfalah |188042438/324759752= |207152546/354015311= |198468512/401247886= | | |0. 58 times |0. 59 times |0. 49 times | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |0. 2 |0. 61 |0. 53 | |Askari Bank |0. 66 |0. 60 |0. 52 | |Bank Alfalah |0. 58 |0. 59 |0. 49 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows Advance/Deposit ratio of UBL which is very high as compare to other banks 0. 2 times in the year 2009 and 0. 61 times in the year 2010 and 0. 53 in the year 2011. Askari bank ratio is 0. 66 times, 0. 60 times and 0. 52 times in the consecutive years 2009, 2010 and 2011. While the ratio of bank Alfalah is 0. 58 times in 2009 and increases to 0. 59 times 2010 and decline drastically to 0. 49 times in 2011with 0. 10 times which shows that Bank Alfalah is not utilizing its deposits effectively as compare to other banks. 7 Return on Total Equity (ROE) Significance It measures income bank earns from the equity.It determines the ability of the institution how productively it uses the money of shareholders in its business. High ratio will allure more investors. FORMULA: Return on total Equity=Net Income/ Total equity*100 |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |9,192,687/52276246*100= |11,159,930/60180924*100= |15,499,663/70,622,933*100= | | |17. 58 % |18. 4 % |21. 94% | |Askari Bank |1097507/ 13142688 |943177/ 14820578*100= |1627698/ 16508782*100= | | |*100= 8. 35 % |6. 36 % |9. 86 % | |Bank Alfalah |897035/ 19770260 *100= |968452/ 19726556*100= |3503130/ 22839886*100= | | |4. 4 % |4. 91 % |15. 34 % | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |17. 58 |18. 54 |25. 76 | |Askari Bank |8. 35 |6. 36 |9. 86 | |Bank Alfalah |4. 4 |4. 91 |15. 34 | [pic] Working of Total Equity UBL (UBL) |   |Working Total equity |   |   | |   |Total Equity |   |   | |   |2009 |2010 |2011 |Share capital |11,128,907 |12,241,798 |12,241,798 | |Reserves |18,959,537 |21,688,637 | | |Un appropriated profit |22,187,802 |26,250,489 | | |Total Equity |52276246 |60180924 | | |   |   |   |   | Working of Total Equity (Askari bank)    |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Share capital |5,073,467 |6,427,440 |7,070,184 | |Reserves |7,235,710 |7,691,319 |8,136,440 | |Un appropriated profit |833,511 |701,819 |1,302,158 | |Total Equity |13,142,688 |14,820,578 |16,508,782 | Working of Total Equity (Bank Alfalah)    |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Share capital |13491563 |13491563 |13491563 | |Reserves |3587969 |3819133 |4100264 | |Un appropriated profit |2690728 |2415860 |5248059 | |Total Equity |19770260 |19726556 |22839886 | Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph show the Return On equity of all the three banks. UBL ratio is 17. 58% in the year 2009, 18. 54% in the year 2010 and 25. 76% in the year 2011. While Askari bank ratio is 8. 35% in 2009, 6. 36% in the period 2010 and 9. 86% in 2011 respectively. Bank Alfalah ratios are 4. 54%, 4. 91% and 15. 34% in the periods 2009, 2010 and 2011.So on marginal basis Alfalah improves utilizat ion of equity then other two banks. But on the whole, UBL is on the top in optimum utilization of stakeholders equity. 8 Debt Ratio Significance It measures the liabilities of the bank or company against the total assets. It should be low as investors like low ratio because the need their residual interest to be secured. FORMULA: Debt ratio= (Total debt/ Total assets)*100 |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |558,779,710/619,718,433*100= |631,402,822/699,817,887*100= |698,906,833/778,059,741*100= | | |90. 7% |90. 22 % |89. 83 % | |Askari Bank |239,378,374/254,327,446*100= |298,740,410/314,744,552*100= |325,980,040/343,756,306*100= | | |94. 12 % |94. 92% |94. 83% | |Bank Alfalah |366936635/389070055*100= |389178295/411483839*100= |442396764/468173802*100= | | |94. 31% |94. 58 % |94. 49 % | Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |90. 17 |90. 22 |89. 83 | |Askari Bank |94. 12 |94. 92 |94. 83 | |Bank Alfalah |94. 31 |94. 58 |94. 49 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above ta ble and graph show the Debt Ratio, UBL ratio is 90. 17 in the year 2009, 81. 15% in the year 2010 and 99. 7% in the year 2011. Askari bank ratio is 94. 12% in 2009, 94. 12% in 2010 and 94. 83% in 2011 which show consistency in the three years. Bank Alfalah shows also consistent trend in 2009, 2010 and 2011 are 94. 31%, 94. 58% and 94. 49%. So results show that UBL ratio is increasing which is not good indication as compare to other banks, while other banks are controlling effectively their Debt ratio. 9 Debt / Equity Ratio Significance It is the percentage of liabilities to shareholders’ money. It will define either the bank is equity or liability based. It also helps to assess the how risky the company is. FORMULA: Debt / Equity Ratio = (total debt/ total equity) Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |558,779,710/52276246= |631,402,822/60180924= |698,906,833/70,622,933= | | |10. 69 times |10. 49 times |9. 90 times | |Askari Bank |239,378,374/13142688= |298,740,410/14820578= |325, 980,040/16508782= | | |18. 21 times |20. 16 times |19. 75 times | |Bank Alfalah |366936635/19770260 = 18. 56 times |389178295/19726556= 19. 73 times |442396764/22839886= 19. 37 times | Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |10. 69 |10. 49 |11. 61 | |Askari Bank |18. 21 |20. 16 |19. 75 | |Bank Alfalah |18. 56 |19. 73 |19. 37 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows the Debt/Equity ratio where UBL ratio is 10. 69% in 2009,10. 49% in the year 2010 and 11. 1% in the year 2011 respectively which remains consistent in first two years then increases in 2011. Askari bank ratio is 18. 21% in 2009 which too high as compare to UBL, 20. 16% in 2010 and 19. 75% in the year 2011. While Bank Alfalah is on the same level 18. 56% in 2009, 19. 73% and 19. 37% in the years 2010 and 2011. As as consequence of analysis, UBL ratio is much better then other banks as its ratio is approximately 8% below the other banks ratio. 10 Price/Earnings Ratio Significance It will define the price of share against the per share earning. It should be high as it shows business prosperity and growth chances are bright in future. FORMULA: P/E = Current Market Share Price/ EPS Working of EPS EPS WORKING UBL 2009 |2010 |2011 | |Net Income= 9,192,687 |Net Income= 11,159,930 |Net Income= 15,499,663 | |Number of shares= 1,112,890 |Number of shares= 1,224,179 |Number of shares= 1,224,179 | |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares | | |=9,192,687 / 1,112,890 |= 11,159,930/1,224,179 |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares | |= 8. 26 per share |= 9. 12 per share |= 15,499,663/1,224,179 | | | |= 12. 66 per share |No of outstanding share figure has been taken from the notes i. e Share capital EPS WORKING ASKARI BANK |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Net Income= 1,097,507 |Net Income=943,177 |Net Income= 1,627,698 | | |Number of shares= 642,743 |Number of shares= 707,018 | |Number of shares= 507,346 |= Net income/ outstanding numbe r of shares | | |= 943,177/642,743 |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares | |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares |= 1. 47 per share |= 1,627,698/707,018 | |= 1,097,507/507,346 | | | | | |= 2. 30 per share | |= 2. 16 per share | | | BANK Alfalah 2009 |2010 |2011 | |Net Income= 897,035 |Net Income= 968,452 |Net Income= 3,503,130 | |Number of shares= 134,9156 |Number of shares= 134,9156 |Number of shares= 134,9156 | |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares |= Net income/ outstanding number of shares | |= 897,035/ 134,9156 |= 968,452/ 134,9156 |= 3,503,130/ 134,9156 | |= 0. 66 per share |= 0. 71 per share |= 2. 59 per share | |0. 66 |0. 71 |2. 59 | Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |64. 25/8. 26= 7. 77 times |84. 23/9. 12= 9. 23 times | 84. 17/12. 66= 6. 64 times | |Askari Bank |45. 25/2. 16 = 20. 92 times |64. 75/1. 47 = 44. 12 times |73. 49/2. 30 = 31. 92 times | |Bank Alfalah |77. 45/0. 66 = 116. 48 times |114. 23/0. 72= 159. 13 times |16. 87/2. 60= 6. 69 times | |Banks |2009 |2010 |2011 | |UBL |7. 77 |9. 3 |6. 64 | |Askari Bank |20. 92 |44. 12 |31. 92 | |Bank Alfalah |116. 48 |159. 13 |6. 69 | [pic] Interpretation and comparison The analysis of the above table and graph shows the Price Earning ratios, UBL ratio is 7. 77 times in the year 2009, 9. 23 times in 2010 and 6. 64 times in the year 2011is respectively declining. While Askari bank ratio 20. 92 times in 2009, 44. 12 times in 2010 and increases to 31. 2, on the other hand you can see the P/E of bank Alfalah in year 2009,2010, 2011 is 116. 48 in year 2009, 159. 13 year 2010 and 6. 69 in year 2011. After the result it has proved that Bank Alfalah P/E is higher and better in year 2009 and year 2010 than other two banks. Askari bank and UBL shows declining trend which is unfavorable for the investors. Chapter 4) Conclusion and Recommendations 4. 1) Conclusion Following findings has been inferred on the basis of above ratio analyses which are as 1 . Net profit margin ratio of UBL is high as compare to Askari and Alfalah. In addition to that, Bank Alfalah captures the second level in the comparison.So, UBL has taken over the major share of profit margin 2. Analysis of Operating Cash Flow ratio shows Askari bank ratio is high as compare to UBL and Alfalah. 3. On the basis of ratio analysis UBL gross spread ratio is good and high as compare to Askari and bank Alfalah in the current year. While Bank Alfalah is ranked second in the comparison. 4. In accordance with the analysis of non-interest income to total income ratio UBL ratio is high as compare to the other two banks. While analysis show Askari bank ratio is lowest than UBL and bank Alfalah. 5. The analysis has shown UBL spread ratio is high and much better than other banks in comparison. 6.On the basis of advance/Deposit ratio analysis UBL ratio is high as compare to Askari and Alfalah in the current year. 7. The analysis of Return on equity ratio shows that UBL return is h igh and better than the other two banks. 8. Debt ratio Analysis shows that UBL ratio is high than other two banks. While Askari and Alfalah are at the same level. 9. According to the analysis of Debt/Equity ratio Askari bank ratio is high and bank Alfalah is on the second position. 10. The Price/Earning ratio of Askari bank is high in the analysis of the three banks. While UBL is on the second and bank Alfalah is on the third rank. 4. 2) Recommendations 1. The Net profit Margin ratio of Askari and bank Alfalah is low.In order to improve their net profit both the banks should have to cut down their non markup expenses while, on the other hand their turnover is satisfactory. 2. The Operating cash flow of UBL and Alfalah should have to be improved. These banks should decrease their current liabilities and ensure the availability of more liquidity to meet short term debts. 3. Askari bank and bank Alfalah both banks need to adopt measures to cut down their interest expenses in order to i ncrease their gross spread ratio. 4. In order to increase non interest income Askari and Alfalah needs to increase their earnings through fees, commissions and other advisory charges etc. 5.In Advance/Deposit ratio Askari bank and Alfalah should have to utilize their deposits in more projects either through corporate financing or general public financing. 6. 6. Return on total equity of Askari bank is low, it should increase its net income by cut down its expenses with significant margin. 7. Debt ratio of UBL is high so it should have to avoid more borrowings and use available funds in more proper ways. 8. Spread ratio of Askari bank is low as compare to other banks it should have to increase its lending and use deposits in effective ways. SECTION II a) Introduction of the student Last Degree Obtained: – Bachelor of Commerce Current Organization Dubai City Flowers LLC, Dubai, UAECurrent Designation: – Administration Manger Experience 10+ years b) BIBLOGRAPHY Askari ban k limited Pakistan. (2009). annual-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Askari bank Limited Official website:http://www. askaribank. com. pk/Reports/Askari%20Financials%202009. pdf Askari bank limited Pakistan. (2010). annual-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Askari bank Limited Official website:http://www. askaribank. com. pk/Reports/Askari%20AR2010%20(Final%20Version). pdf Askari bank limited Pakistan. (2011). annual-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Askari bank Limited Official website: http://www. askaribank. com. k/Reports/Askari%20AR%202011%20ALL. pdf United bank limited . (2009). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from United bank Limited Official website: https://www. ubldirect. com/corporate/resources/ubl/aboutus/financial_report/report_2009/annual_dec09/UBLAnnualReport2009. pdf. United bank limited . (2010). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from United bank Limited Official website: https://www. ubldirect. com/corporate/resour ces/ubl/aboutus/financial_report/report_2010/annual_dec10/UBLAnnualReport2010. pdf United bank limited . (2011). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from United bank Limited Official website: https://www. ubldirect. om/corporate/resources/ubl/aboutus/financial_report/report_2011/Annual_Reports/UBL%20Annual%20Report%202011. pdf Bank Alfalah Limited. (2009). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Bank Alfalah Limited Official website: http://www. bankalfalah. com/about/download/AnnualReport2009. pdf Bank Alfalah Limited. (2010). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Bank Alfalah Limited Official website: http://www. bankalfalah. com/about/download/BALAnnualReport2010. pdf Bank Alfalah Limited. (2011). Financial-reports. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from Bank Alfalah Limited Official website: http://www. bankalfalah. com/about/download/BALAnnualReport2011. pdf